330 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



mollusca ; young mussels (Mytilus edulis), cockles {Cardium) ; also 

 Littorina littorea, L. retusa, Lacuna, Rissoa, Cerithium, Nassa, 

 Pisidium, and Nucula ; also smaller Crustacea. Many insects 

 (Diptera) and small fish taken in freshwater lakes in summer. 



Distribution, — British Isles. — Resident, passage -migrant and 

 winter-visitor (mid-Sept.-mid. Nov. to end March-early June). 

 Bred Sutherland 1899, and in an island of Uist group (0. Hebrides) 

 1897-9 (two pairs), 1900 (three pairs), probably also 1901 and cer- 

 tainly 1902. Also 1906 in another island in same group. Also bred 

 same group 1910 and 1913 (cf. Brit. B., n, pp. 85, 132, 209, 283, 416 ; 

 vi, p. 368 ; vii, p. 149). Also recorded breeding Orkneys (B.O.U. 

 List (1915), p. 177). Otherwise winter- visitor to all coasts and 

 seldom on inland waters. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds in arctic regions (Faeroes, Iceland, 

 Scandinavia, north Russia, Siberia), winters in Palsearctic region 

 south to Mediterranean countries, N.W. Africa, and Egypt, Black 

 and Caspian Seas, Persian Gulf, rare India. Replaced by allied 

 forms in far east and in N. America. 



[Note. — A specimen found in Leadenhall Market, and said to have been 

 taken in Lines., formed the subject of Donovan's description and figure of 

 Nyroca collaris, the American Ring-necked Duck (Anas collaris Donovan, 

 Brit. Birds, vi, 1809, pi. 147). The bird is an inhabitant of North America, 

 from British Columbia to northern California, and from Alberta south to 

 Dakota and Wisconsin : in winter south to Porto Rico and Guatemala.] 



Genus BUCEPHALA Baird. 



Bucephala Baird, B. N. America, p. 7.95 (1860 — As type named B. 

 albeola). 



Differs from Nyroca chiefly by bill, which is shorter than head, 

 height at base greater than width, narrower in front than at base, 

 nail mostly wider than in Nyroca ; nostril much nearer tip, fore- 

 part much in front of middle of bill. Tail rounded, 16 rather stiff 

 rectrices. Feathers of crown and nape in B. clangula and islandica 

 slightly, in albeola much elongated, in latter also feathers on sides 

 of head. 3 species northern portions of Palsearctic and Nearctic 

 regions. 



BUCEPHALA CLANGULA 



315. Bucephala clangula clangula (L.)— THE GOLDENEYE. 



Anas Clangula Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 125 (1758 — Europe. 

 Restricted typical locality ; Sweden). 



Clangula glaucion (Linnaeus), Yarrell, iv, p. 435 : Saunders, p. 451. 

 Nyroca clangula clangula (L.) Hand-List (1912), p. 141. 



Description. — Adult male. Winter and summer. — Head and upper- 

 part of neck all round black, crown, nape, cheeks and sides of neck 

 glossed dark green, in some lights reddish-purple, purple gloss more 

 pronounced in some than in others ; roundish white patch on lores ; 

 rest of neck and part of upper-mantle white ; rest of mantle, inner 



