THE GOLDENEYE. 



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and lower scapulars, back, rump and upper-tail coverts black ; rest 

 of scapulars white broadly bordered black on outer or both webs ; 

 under-parts white, flank-feathers mostly with broad black border 

 on outer web ; feathers around tibia and sometimes sides and lower 

 part of vent ash -brown tipped white ; axillaries and under wing- 

 coverts deep mouse-grey ; tail mouse-grey ; primaries black-brown, 

 paler on inner webs ; outer secondaries black-brown often with a 

 white spot towards tip, succeeding ones usually with more or less 

 white on inner web, middle ones white, one next innermost usually 

 with black-brown mark on inner web, innermost and coverts black ; 

 all primary-coverts, bastard-wing and lesser coverts black or black- 

 brown ; outer greater coverts black or black- brown, remainder 

 white sometimes tipped dusky-black ; median coverts white, inner 

 ones and inner lesser coverts black tipped white. This plumage is 

 acquired by body -moult Sept. to Dec. 



Adult male. Eclipse. — Like adult female but easily distin- 

 guished by white wing-coverts. Head and neck all round, mantle, 

 scapulars, tail - coverts, 

 upper - breast, sides of 

 body, flanks but appar- 

 ently not rest of body- 

 feathers are moulted first, 

 followed by wings and 

 tail in July and Aug. 

 Fore-head, crown, cheeks, 

 chin, ithroat and upper- 

 part of neck as in adult 

 female but paler brown, 

 sepia rather than bistre - 

 brown ; lores black - 

 brown ; nape dark ash- 

 brown ; mantle brown- 

 black as female, feathers 

 tipped ash-brown or dark ash-grey ; scapulars black-brown or sepia 

 tipped ash-brown or ash-grey, some short scapulars edged ash- 

 white ; rest of upper-parts as female ; lower-neck and sides of neck 

 ash-brown ; upper-breast and sides of body dark ash-grey, feathers 

 tipped yellowish -white ; flanks as scapulars ; under tail- coverts ash- 

 brown, broadly tipped white, lower ones white marked ash-brown ; 

 remaining under-parts as adult male in winter -summer. 



Adult female. Winter and summer. — Head and neck all round 

 bistre-brown ; nape ashy, feathers tipped whitish ; lower-neck, 

 mantle and scapulars brown-black, feathers edged dark grey, 

 scapulars mostly edged white or greyish-white ; back and rump 

 black ; upper tail-coverts black, when fresh with dark grey bloom ; 

 fore-neck with white collar ; upper-breast, sides of body and flanks 

 deep grey, feathers broadly edged white and often with one web 

 more or less white ; feathers around tibia, sides of vent and some- 

 times feathers across vent and lateral under tail-coverts deep mouse- 



The Goldeneye (Bucephala c. clangula). Adult male. 



