THE LONG-TAILED DUCK. 339 



Distribution. — Great Britain. — Three. Adult male Yarmouth 

 (Norfolk) about 1830 (Birds Norfolk, in, p. 222) ; one Bridlington 

 (Yorks.) winter 1864-5 (Cordeaux, Zool, 1865, p. 9659) ; female 

 Tresco (Scilly Isles) Jan. 17, 1920 (H. Langton, Bull. B.O.G., xl, 

 p. 155). Others recorded, including two Aberdeen mentioned by 

 Gray, not considered authentic (cf. Fauna Tay Basin, p. 243). 



Distribution. — Abroad. — North America, breeding as far north as 

 the Yukon River, the lower Mackenzie and Great Slave Lake, and 

 south to Montana, wintering from Aleutian Islands and British 

 Columbia south to Lower California, Mexico and Florida. Casual 

 in Hawaii, Greenland (twice), Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ber- 

 mudas, Cuba, and Europe (Great Britain only). 



Genus CLANGULA Leach. 



Claxgula Leach, Ross's Voy. of Discovery Baffins Land etc., App* 

 p. xl viii (1819 — Monotype Clangula glacialis —hyemalis). 



Bill shorter than head and shorter than tarsus, high at base, 

 cutting edge of upper mandible ascending rapidly towards nail, 

 which occupies whole tip of bill. Culmen straight, but nail slightly 

 elevated. Nostrils close to feathers. Feathering advancing 

 farthest on culmen, on sides of culmen forming straight line. 

 Rectrices 14, exceptionally 16, tail strongly rounded, rectrices 

 pointed, those of male greatly elongated. Sexes very different, 

 summer and winter also. One species in arctic regions of northern 

 hemisphere. Maritime Duck. 



CLANGULA HYEMALIS 



317. Clangula hyemalis (L.)— THE LONG-TAILED DUCK. 



Anas Hyemalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 126 (1758 — N. Europe 

 and America. Restricted typical locality ; N. Sweden). 

 Harelda glacialis (Linnseus), Yarrell, iv, p. 446 : Saunders, p. 455. 



Description. — Adult male. Winter. — Base of upper mandible and 

 crown white, fore -part of crown more or less washed cream- buff ; 

 nape white ; upper-mantle white (in some suffused palest grey) ; 

 scapulars palhd mouse-grey, lower scapulars black-brown ; sides 

 of rump and lateral upper tail-coverts white, some tipped or with 

 inner webs dusky-black ; rest of upper-parts black or black-brown ; 

 lores, cheeks and eye-stripe drab-grey, round eye a circular white 

 patch ; sides of neck black-brown merging into snuff-brown ; 

 inter-crural space dusky-brown ; chin, throat, fore-neck and part 

 of upper-breast white ; rest of breast black-brown or dark sepia 

 (feathers when fresh with faint white tips) with a convex outline 

 sharply defining it from rest of under -parts which are white, sides 

 of body and flanks suffused pallid mouse -grey ; axillaries and under 

 wing-coverts sepia ; two central pairs of tail-feathers black-brown, 

 shorter pair narrowly bordered white (sometimes with inner web 

 or both webs more or less white), next pair more or less mouse -grey 



