THE LAPWING. 547 



only slightly glossed violet ; lesser coverts dark green very slightly 

 glossed violet or metallic -green. Freshly moulted females appear 

 to have more numerous light buff or white edges to feathers of 

 black gorget than freshly moulted males. Summer. — As winter 

 but crown intermixed with new black feathers glossed green ; eye- 

 stripe white or light buff streaked black-brown and dusky ; lores, 

 patch in front of eye, patch below eye and ear-coverts black-brown 

 and more or less intermixed with white ; chin and throat inter- 

 mixed with new black feathers.* 



Nestling (Plate 8). — Down on fore-head light drab with an 

 indistinct black median line ; crown mottled light drab and black ; 

 an irregular black band on hinder-crown but not extending to eye ; 

 nape white ; remaining upper -parts including tip of wings mottled 

 light drab, black and sandy-buff ; ear-coverts and cheeks mottled 

 black and light drab ; a black line from base of upper mandible to 

 eye and one below eye (sometimes absent or indistinct) ; chin and 

 throat white ; breast white with a black pectoral gorget ; rest of 

 under -parts white. 



Juvenile. Male and female. — Resembling adult winter female. 

 Crown dark sepia, feathers edged light buff, very short crest black, 

 faintly tipped buff ; feathers of nape below nuchal collar edged 

 warm buff ; mantle and scapulars dull green, more or less tinged 

 dull brown, feathers edged warm buff, some notched and irregularly 

 marked same towards tip ; feathers of rump with narrow buff tips ; 

 upper -tail-coverts as adult ; patch in front of eye smaller ; patch 

 below eye less extensive and browner, many feathers with exten- 

 sive buff or white bases ; streak across ear -coverts narrower ; gorget 

 narrower, dull brown-black faintly glossed dull green, feathers 

 tipped light buff or white and with ash-brown bases often ill- 

 concealed ; under tail-coverts light pink-cinnamon ; tail-feathers 

 as adult but outer pair often entirely white or with only a small 

 dusky-black mark towards tip, remainder tipped warm buff ; wing 

 as adult but innermost secondaries and coverts as mantle ; primary 

 and greater coverts dull black with little or no gloss, greater coverts 

 narrowly tipped warm buff ; median coverts dull or metallic -green, 

 broadly edged warm buff, and mostly notched same towards tip ; 

 lesser coverts dull brownish-green, some with metallic -green sheen 

 and mostly with warm buff tips. N.B. — Buff edges are more or 

 less lost by abrasion. Sexes alike, but upper -breast in males appears 

 to be more greenish-black and in females more brown-black with or 

 without greenish gloss ; some males have some median coverts 

 glossed and distal lesser coverts tinged, violet -purple. 



First winter. Male. — As adult winter but scapulars usually 

 with broader buff edges ; tail-feathers with worn buff tips ; primary 



* In females moult of feathers of head, throat and neck is apparently- 

 Hot as complete as in males, many winter feathers being retained. One $ 

 Tring, Herts., April 20th has almost completely renewed crown, chin, and 

 throat, which are as in male. — A.C.M. 



