566 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



inner webs and shading to white at base, inner ones with faint white 

 borders on outer webs ; secondaries ash-grey, inner webs paler, 

 shading to white at base, outer webs margined white, innermost 

 and their coverts as mantle ; primary-coverts and bastard-wing 

 brown-black faintly tipped white, inner coverts broadly tipped 

 white ; wing-coverts ash-grey, edged white, lesser coverts darker. 

 This plumage is acquired by complete moult July to Oct. N.B. — 

 Ash-grey of upper -parts, including wing-coverts, fades to ash-brown. 

 Adult male. Summer. — The body-feathers (not all feathers of 

 back and rump, nor all scapulars or upper tail-coverts), sometimes 

 central pair of tail-feathers, occasionally an odd pair or a single 

 tail-feather, innermost secondaries and coverts, some median and 

 lesser coverts are moulted Feb. to June, but not rest of wings or 



tail - feathers, and 

 sometimes one or 

 two other winter 

 feathers are re- 

 tained. Crown 

 black -brown, fea- 

 thers edged pink- 

 cinnamon and grey- 

 j_ ish - white ; nape 



1 pink - cinnamon or 



The Knot (Calidris c. canutus). Female, winter. grevish-white nar- 



rowly streaked 

 black-brown ; mantle and scapulars black - brown, feathers 

 marked pink-cinnamon and tipped greyish-white ; back sepia, 

 feathers edged white ; lower -rump and upper tail-coverts white, 

 feathers barred and marked dark brown, some suffused pink-cinna- 

 mon ; eye -stripe and cheeks pink-cinnamon ; lores, around eye, 

 ear-coverts and sides of neck same narrowly streaked black-brown ; 

 chin, throat, breast, flanks and belly same, some feathers faintly 

 tipped white ; vent white intermixed with pink-cinnamon ; under 

 tail-coverts white, sometimes irregularly marked or with narrow 

 median streaks of black-brown and sometimes intermixed with 

 pink-cinnamon feathers ; axillaries as winter ; new tail-feathers 

 sepia or ash-brown, edged white or buff and occasionally marked 

 buff ; wing as winter but innermost secondaries and coverts, new 

 median and lesser coverts black-brown marked pink-cinnamon. 

 Female. — As male but upper -parts with greyish-white edges pre- 

 dominating and not nearly so richly marked with pink-cinnamon ; 

 under-parts paler and sometimes mixed with a few white feathers, 

 sometimes barred sepia ; lower-belly more or less white ; vent 

 white ; under tail-coverts white, sometimes faintly tinged pale 

 pink-cinnamon with more numerous black-brown streaks and 

 markings. 



Nestling. — Down on crown mottled black-brown, cream and 

 cinnamon -buff ; fore -head cream with an irregular median brown 

 line ; nape greyish -white, down blackish at base ; remainder of 



