THE COMMON REDSHANK. 



625 



sometimes notched black-brown ; back and rump white (sometimes 

 some feathers with irregular streaks or markings of ash-brown) 

 upper tail-coverts barred white and black-brown ; eye-stripe white 

 more or less streaked dusky, sometimes ill-defined ; loral streak 

 ash-brown ; white line under eye ; cheeks whitish ; sides of neck 

 ash-brown, feathers mostly streaked sepia ; chin and throat wiiite, 

 sometimes sjDotted sepia ; lower -throat and upper -breast light ash- 

 brown or white, feathers mostly narrowly streaked sepia ; sides of 

 breast as mantle ; remaining under-parts white but sides of belly 

 and flanks usually irregularly marked or spotted sepia ; belly and 

 vent sometimes spotted sepia ; under tail-coverts more or less 

 barred black-brown ; axillaries and under wing-coverts sometimes 

 spotted or barred sepia ; tail-feathers closely barred black-brown 

 and white, central ones more or less suffused ash-brown ; primaries 



Inner secondaries of —A. The Spotted Redshank (Tringa erythropus). B. The Common 

 Redshank (2'. t. totanus). 



black-brown, inner webs sepia, with a broad white streak towards 

 base, more or less freckled dusky, inner ones tipped white and with 

 Inner webs more or less white freckled sepia, 2nd with white, rest 

 with sepia shafts ; secondaries white with ash-brown bases, 10th 

 more or less shaded and marked sepia, innermost and coverts as 

 scapulars, sometimes with obsolete sepia bars and notches ; primary- 

 coverts black-brown ; greater coverts ash-brown broadly tipped 

 and more or less barred or freckled black-brown ; median coverts 

 ash -brown narrowly tipped white with obsolete bars or spots of 

 black-brown at sides, innermost ash-brown fringed white ; lesser 

 coverts ash-brown faintly edged white. This plumage is acquired 

 by complete moult July to Jan. N.B. — One or two examined had 

 upper -parts more or less streaked, and scapulars, innermost second- 

 aries and median coverts more or less barred, black-brown. Summer. 

 — The body-feathers, sometimes tail-feathers, some innermost 

 secondaries and coverts, sometimes most median and a few lesser 

 coverts are moulted Jan. to May but not rest of wings ; sometimes 

 some winter body-feathers are retained. Crown broadly streaked 

 VOL. II. 2 s 



