682 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



part of nape black with two or three irregular bars of orange - 

 cinnamon or buff ; rest of nape pink-buff, feathers barred black- 

 brown ; mantle, scapulars, innermost secondaries and coverts 

 orange-cinnamon, variegated with black, buff or greyish-olive 

 spots and patches or tips and more or less freckled, barred or marked 

 black ; back, rump and upper tail-coverts orange -cinnamon, 

 feathers barred and irregularly mottled black, some tail-coverts 

 tipped pink-buff ; a broad sepia streak from lores to eye ; ear- 

 coverts pink-buff tipped black ; line over eye, cheeks and sides 

 of neck pink-buff more or less spotted sepia ; chin and upper-part 

 of throat white sometimes spotted sepia ; feathers of sides of lower- 

 throat and fore -neck pink-cinnamon broadly barred black-brown, 

 those of sides of breast orange -cinnamon similarly barred ; rest of 

 under-parts (except tail-coverts) pink-buff or light buff, feathers 

 with narrow, wavy sepia or dusky-brown bars, broader on sides 



The Woodcock (Scolopax r. rusticola). 



of belly and flanks ; under tail-coverts pink-buff irregularly 

 barred or streaked sepia, many with deep white tips ; axillaries 

 and under wing-coverts barred pink-buff and dusky-brown ; tail- 

 leathers black with deep tips of smoke -grey, which on under-surface 

 are white, all with outer webs notched orange -cinnamon ; primaries 

 and their coverts and secondaries sepia or black-brown paler on 

 inner webs, tipped light or pink-buff, 2nd primary with outer web 

 bordered (sometimes notched) light buff, inner web notched pink- 

 buff, remaining primaries, primary-coverts and secondaries notched 

 pink-cinnamon or pink-buff on both webs ; innermost secondaries 

 and coverts as scapulars ; greater and outer median coverts black- 

 brown barred or notched and tipped orange -cinnamon and pink- 

 buff, some with outer webs orange -cinnamon, freckled and vermicu- 

 lated greyish-olive ; rest of median coverts much as mantle 

 but without black patches or tips, a patch towards centre of wing 

 broadly tipped pink-buff or greyish-olive ; lesser coverts black, 

 tipped, notched and barred orange -cinnamon. This plumage is 

 acquired by complete moult July to Dec. N.B. — There is con- 

 siderable individual variation in colour and markings. Summer. — 

 Feathers of head and neck all round, sometimes a few feathers of 

 mantle and scapulars, some upper tail-coverts, a few scattered 

 feathers on breast, sometimes some tail-feathers, sometimes some 



