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A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



Juvenile. — Varying somewhat in darkness of upper- and 

 under -parts. Head thickly streaked brown, feathers with greyish- 

 white fringes ; back of neck and upper-mantle with distal portions 

 of feathers brown or pale brown with somewhat faint spots or bars 

 of creamy-buff ; rest of upper-parts more cream or whitish-buff 

 with irregular and wavy brown to pale brown bars and markings, 

 subterminal bars being narrow on scapulars and broader on rump 

 and upper tail-coverts ; chin whitish with few streaks ; throat and 

 sides of neck streaked brown ; upper -breast mottled (or sometimes 

 with barred appearance) brown or dusky-brown and dull white ; 

 rest of breast and belly dusky-brown somewhat mottled dull white ; 



A. The Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) B. The Iceland Gull (L. glaucoides). 



lower flanks and under tail-coverts dull white broadly barred 

 brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale brown with whitish 

 bases and somewhat obscure whitish bars at tips of feathers ; tail 

 brown with markings of dull white varying in individuals but 

 clearer along edges and tips and at bases of feathers, more obscured 

 or absent towards centre and broader on outer feathers ; primaries 

 and secondaries with outer webs and tips pale brown, tips with a 

 small penultimate dark brown mark and usually mottled darker 

 brown, extreme tips and inner webs dull brownish-white, shafts 

 brownish-straw ; primary-coverts pale brown tipped cream-buff 

 and with penultimate dark brown mark ; greater coverts much as 

 secondaries but rather more mottled on outer webs ; innermost 

 secondaries and greater coverts, median and lesser coverts as 

 mantle but upper series of lesser more uniform pale brown. 



First winter. — As juvenile but not quite so dark. The juvenile 

 body -plumage is only partially moulted and often very little, and 

 tail, wing and wing-coverts are not moulted. First summer. — 

 Another partial body-moult takes place in spring. Plumage as. 



