THE SOUTHERN GUILLEMOT. 797 



often so extensive as to form a band ; streaks on flanks black and 

 often broader and more conspicuous. 



Nestling and Juvenile. — Like those of Southern Guillemot. 



Measurements. — $ wing 196 (one 192)-210 mm., tail 40-50, bill 

 from feathers 42-52, depth at nostrils 13-17 (18 measured). $ wing 

 195-207. 



Breeding-habits. — Breeds in colonies, on ledges of steep sea-cliffs 

 or on flat tops of stacks, in some places together with Brunnich's 

 Guillemot, where ranges of two species overlap. Egg. — Variation 

 much as in Southern Guillemot but much smaller series examined, 

 and very bright red type not noted. Average size of 21 eggs from 

 Bear Island, 85.56x51.91. Max. : 100.6x52 and 88.4x54. Min. : 

 79x51.5 and 81.2x47 mm Breeding -season. — Begins early June 

 in high north ; occasionally late May. Incubation. — By both sexes. 

 Period about a month. Single brooded. 



Food. — Chiefly small fish where found, but in northern limit of 

 range almost entirely small Crustacea and mollusca. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — From scanty material available 

 appears to be the form breeding in Shetlands and Orkneys and 

 possibly also St. Kilda and other Outer Hebrides. Occurs on all 

 coasts winter and occasionally driven inland. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Breeds Bear Island (south of Spits- 

 bergen), probably Murman coast, coasts and islands of Norway, 

 Gotland (Karlsoarne) (form breeding Heligoland and Bornholm 

 uncertain), Fseroes, Iceland, southern Greenland and Ungava south 

 to Newfoundland and Magdalen Is. In winter in Atlantic south at all 

 events to north Spain, and either this form or the next as far south 

 as 30° north lat. and occasionally in western Mediterranean. In 

 America to Maine. Replaced by U. a. californica in north Pacific 

 Ocean. 



468. Uria aalge albionis With.— THE SOUTHERN GUILLEMOT. 



Uria aalge albionis Witherby, Brit. Birds (Mag.), xvi, p. 324 (1923 — 

 England, type Yorkshire.) 



Description. — Adult male and female. Winter. — Whole upper- 

 parts dark mouse-grey, feathers of back of neck with white bases 

 often showing more or less and sometimes forming a definite white 

 (speckled with blackish) collar ; lores, under eyes and continued in 

 a long narrowing stripe backwards through upper ear-coverts dark 

 mouse-grey, intersecting white of cheeks and sides of head and 

 upper-neck ;* under-parts white but feathers of throat (especially 

 lower -throat) and sides of head joining upper-parts usually slightly 

 tipped or margined blackish, giving a speckled appearance ; flanks 



* This stripe is margined on its upper edge by a narrow groove or furrow 

 in the feathers and in the "ringed" variety (U. ringvia) there is a very 

 narrow white line along it, joining a narrow white ring round the orbit. — 

 H. F.W. 



