THE SOUTHERN PUFFUS . 



809 



for small size. IST.B. — Wing- and tail-feathers grow with juvenile 

 body-plumage. 



First ivinter. — The juvenile plumage appears to be retained 

 but one was moulting slightly in February. Another July was like 

 juvenile except for rather larger bill with one shallow groove and 

 was commencing moult to 2nd winter. 



Measurements and structure. — o wing 153-163 (one 166) mm., 

 tail 39-45, tarsus 26-27, bill from feathers 42-50, greatest depth 

 35-38 (16 British breed- 

 ing birds measured). 

 £ wing 148-164, bill 

 length 43-48, depth 34- 

 38 (19 British breeding 

 birds). First winter <$ 

 and? wing 138-148, bill 

 length 31 - 37, depth 

 18-20. Primaries : 1st 

 and 2nd about equal 

 and longest, 3rd 3-8 

 mm. shorter, 4th 10-16 

 shorter, 5th 19-28 

 shorter. Outer second- 

 aries shorter than 10th 

 primary, inner ones 

 about equal to 9th, tips 

 rounded. Tail rounded 

 and central pair shorter 

 than rest, 16 feathers, 

 tips rounded. Tibia bare 

 for a short distance near 

 joint and inserted far 

 back ; tarsus com- 

 pressed, three toes fully 

 webbed ; claws curved 

 and fairly sharp especi- 

 ally inner one, middle 

 one dilated. Bill in adult 

 extremely compressed 

 and expanded verti- 

 cally, culmen arched, 

 curving to somewhat 

 obtuse decurved tip ; 

 proximal half of man- 

 dibles flattened, distal 

 half with three deep, 

 and a fourth shallower, 

 narrow, curved grooves 

 and c orresponding ridges 

 curving backwards nearly to base ; in summer at base of upper 



The Southern Puffin (Fratercula arctica grabos). A. Adult, 

 summer. B. Adult, winter. C. Juvenile. 



