STRATIGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 109 



And further observes, " that the examination of the whole list of species, or that of the 

 families separately, gives the results, that the Farringdon Gravels contain species hitherto 

 thought characteristic of every bed, from the Lower Green Sand to the Maestricht Sand 

 inclusive ; but that those referable to species found elsewhere, above the Gault, pre- 

 dominate nearly ten to one in the number of species, and still more so in that of 

 individuals ; so that we need only consider to what part of the Cretaceous series above the 

 Gault this deposit belongs. 



" This conclusion limits our choice to the Upper Green Sand, or to a place altogether 

 above the Chalk , for no one could seriously propose to place it on a level with the Chalk. 

 ....... That nowhere is there any trace of gravel nor any ferruginous bed in the Upper 



Green Sand of this part of England. Very few of the organic remains of Farringdon which 

 are referable to the Upper Green Sand are found in that deposit in this neighbourhood ; 

 Warminster being the nearest spot which affords any large numbers of these species, and 

 then only in the uppermost bed of the formation ; but for the counterparts of the greater 

 number we must travel to the Tourtia of Belgium, or to Essen in Westphalia. 1 That it 



might lead to erroneous results if we drew our conclusions from the Bryozoa, their 



geological range in this country being little known, but the remaining classes furnish safe 

 grounds of comparison : of these, the Farringdon Gravel contains thirty-three species, found 

 either in the Upper Green Sand, the Tourtia, or in the Crate Chloritee of France ; but of 

 these thirty -three species, only thirteen are known in the Upper Green Sand of England, 

 and most of them range upwards into higher strata." The author concludes "that we 

 are driven step bj r step, by the exhaustion of all other alternatives, to class the Farringdon 

 Sponge Gravel as more modern than the Chalk (but not in the Tertiaries) ; other relics of 

 the Upper Cretaceous deposits being found in the Limestones of Faxoe, the Calcareous Sands 

 and Sandstones of Maestricht, Ciply, and the Pisolitlc Limestones of Laversine and Vigny." 



The attentive examination of Mr. Sharpe's table of species will, in my humble opinion, 



" Salenia punctata, of Atherfield. 



" Goniopygus peltatus, of Switzerland. 



" Diadem dubium, ,, 



Besides these, I picked up in the locality, an Urchin, which Dr. Wright states to he unquestionably the 

 Nucleolites Neocomiensis, Ag. It is a little larger than the type specimens, and much larger than the French 

 ones ; but its characters are so well marked, that it cannot be mistaken. 



Several Oolitic Fossils have been long since detected in the Farringdon Gravel Beds, but which Mr. 

 Sharpe justly regards as strangers brought in the fossil state to the locality. There are Coral Rag and 

 Kimmeridge Clay Fossils, over which the Farringdon Gravel appears to extend. 



1 In the fourth volume of the new edition of Bronn's ' Lethea. Geog.,' p. 25, &c, the Green Sand of 

 Essen is considered to be parallel to the Tourtia and Chalk Marl? of Sussex. See also Dr. Fr. Roemer, 

 Memoir, die Kreid Westphalens, 1854. Wherein the following Brachiopoda are mentioned, several of which 

 are common to our English Upper Green Sand under other names : Thecidea digitata, Bronn. ; Th. hippo- 

 crepis, Goldf. ; Th. hieroglyphica, Goldf. ; Ter. gallina, Brong. ; T. latissima, Sow. ; T. paucicosta, Roemer ; 

 T. nuciforrnis, Sow. ; T. Beaumonti, d'Arch ; T. auriculata, R. ; T. radians, R. ; T. nerviensis, d'Archiac ; 

 T. Tornacensis, d'Arch. ; T. pectoralis, R. ; T. arcuata, R. ; T. canaliculata, R. ; T. decemcostata, R. 



