APPENDIX. 



Family— Lingxjlid^. 1 



"Animal. With a highly vascular mantle, fringed with horny setae ; oral arms thick, fleshy, spiral, the 

 spires directed inwards, towards each other ; valves opened and closed hy sliding muscles. 



"In fig. 1, a small portion of the liver and visceral sheath have been removed, to show the course of the 



stomach and intestine. In some specimens 

 the whole of the viscera, except a portion of 

 the liver, are concealed by the ovaries. In 

 fig. 3, the front half of the ventral mantle-lobe 

 is raised, to show the spiral arms : the black 

 spot in the centre is the mouth, with its 

 upper and lower lips, one fringed, the other 

 plain. The mantle-fringe has been omitted in 

 figs. 1 and 3. 



" Animal. With the mantle-lobes firmly 

 adhering to the shell, and united to the 

 epidermis, their margins distinct, and fringed 

 all round : branchial veins giving off nume- 

 rous free, elongated, narrow loops from their 

 Lingula anatina, Lamarck. inner surfaces ; visceral cavity occupying the 



' ;, ,, . , . . ;, . , posterior half of the shell, and surrounded by 



;i a, anterior adductors ;a, posterior adductor ; pp, external protractors ; J 



p'p', central protractors; r r, anterior retractors; r' r' r' , posterior a Strong muscular sheath : pedicle elongated, 

 retractors; c, capsule of pedicle ; nn, visceral sheath ; o, oesophagus; . , ■ , . „jj f muscle ih rPP fho nnstPrinr 

 s, stomach; 1, liver ; i, intestine; v, vent; h h, auricles ; h', left ven- tl)1CK ' aaauct01 m»SCies tnree, tne posteuor 

 tricle ; b, branchial vessels ; m', mantle margin; m, inner lamina of pair combined : two pairs of retractors, the 

 mantle — margin retracted, showing bases of seta ; s, seta. . . . 



posterior pair unsymmetncal, one of them 



dividing : protractor sliding muscles two pairs : stomach long and straight, sustained by inflections of the 



visceral sheath : intestine convoluted dorsally, terminating between the mantle-lobes on the right side ; 



Dorsal 



Fig. 3. J'entral. 



1 'Manual of the Mollusca,' part ii, p. 239, 1854, woodcuts Nos. 165, 166, 167. 

 The etymology of several of the generic appellations having been omitted in this volume, I here add 

 them, from Mr. Woodward's ' Manual :' 



Terebratula. Etym. — diminutive of terebratus, perforated. 



Argiope. Etym. — Argiope, a nymph. 



Tiiecidium. Etym. — Thekidion, a small pouch. 



Stringocephalus. Etym. Strinx (Strinyos) an owl, cephale, the head. 



Athyris. Etym. — A, without, thuris, a door. 



Pentamerus. Etym. — Pentamerus, five partite. 



Orthis. Etym. — Orthos, straight. 



Stropiiomena. Etym. — Strophos, bent, mene, crescent. 



Calceola. Etym. — Calceola, a slipper. 



Chonetes. Etym. — Chone, a cup. 



Crania. Etym. — Kraneia, capitate. 



Siphonotreta. Etym. — Siphon, a tube, trelos, perforated. 



Lingula. Etym. — Lingula, a little tongue. 



