24 FOSSIL CIRRIPEDIA. 



characters are the large articular ridge to the scutum, arid the reflexed apices of all four 

 valves, though this latter character is highly variable. I must refer to my Monograph on 

 the Balanidse for a full description of these valves. 



The largest recent British specimen which I have seen was only "55 of an inch in basal 

 diameter : specimens from Greenland and the northern United States, frequently attain a 

 diameter of three-quarters of an inch, and I have seen one single sowewhat distorted 

 specimen actually 1*6 of an inch in basal diameter. Where individuals have grown 

 crowded together, their length is often twice, and even occasionally thrice as great as their 

 diameter; thus I have seen a recent Greenland specimen 1'6 of an inch in length, and 

 only *75 in diameter. This species, in its recent state, as may be seen under the 

 habitats, has an enormous range. I have felt myself unwillingly compelled to admit that 

 it ranges from the Arctic Regions in 74° 48' N. to the Mediterranean, the West 

 Indies, and Cape of Good Hope. That this species should live in the tropical seas is the 

 more surprising, as the large size of the specimens in the northern seas and in the glacial 

 deposits, might fairly have been supposed to have indicated special adaptation for a cold 

 climate. This great geographical range, however, of the species accords with its range in 

 time from the present day to the Coralline Crag period. The specimens from the glacial 

 deposits which I have examined, chiefly in Sir C. Lyell's collection, are very fine and large, 

 and appear, on an average, to attain as large or larger dimensions than the recent specimens 

 from the United States ; they are often associated, like the now living individuals, with 

 B. porcatus and Hameri : they come from the well-known formation of Uddevalla, and 

 from Canada. There are well-characterised specimens in the mammaliferous Crag, at 

 Bramerton and near Norwich, in Sir C. LyelPs and Mr. Wood's collections, and from 

 Sutton and other places in the Red Crag of the eastern shores of England : these speci- 

 mens are not only smaller than the glacial, but than the recent English specimens ; 

 for the largest Crag specimens which I have seen had a basal diameter '5 of an inch, 3 to -4 

 being their ordinary size. The specimens which I have seen from the Coralline Crag, and 

 some others sent me by Krantz from the miocene formation of Flonheim bei Abzei, in 

 Germany, had not their opercular valves, yet I cannot doubt, considering how few species 

 there are having porose walls and a solid basis, that I have rightly identified these specimens 

 as belonging to B. crenatus. 



7. Balanus Hameri, Tab. I, fig. la— Id., Tab. II, fig. la, Id. 



Lepas Hameri. Aseanius. Icones rerum naturalium, Tab. 10, 1767. 



— tulipa. O. F. Miiller. Prodromus. Zoolog. Dan. 1776 ; sed non L. tulipa, in 



Poli, Test, ut Sicilise ; necnon B. tulipa, in Bruguiere, Encyclop. 

 method. ; necnon B. tulipa, in Sowerby, Genera of Shells. 



— tulipa alba. Chemnitz. Syst. Conch., Tab. 98, fig. 832. 



— foliacea. Spengler. Skrivter af Naturhist. Selskabet, 1 B. 1790. 



