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Volume XIX MarcH-April, 1917 Number 2 



AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BIRDS OF FREMONT COUNTY, IDAHO. 



AS OBSERVED DURING THE SUMMER OF 19] 6 



By HENRY J. RUST 



WITH MAP AND TWELVE PHOTOS BY THE AUTHOR 



FREMONT COUNTY, Idaho, lies south and east of the center of the state, 

 and is almost entirely confined between 110° and 113° W. Longitude, and 

 44° and 45° N. Latitude. The northern boundary, between this county 

 and Montana, lies along the crest of the Rocky Mountains ; on the east the county 

 extends to the Wyoming line. In recent years three counties have been created 

 from the lower half of Fremont, cutting off a large portion of the great sage cov- 

 ered plain which extends across the state in its widest part. A little over one- 

 third of the county is covered with foothills and mountains from 6,000 to 10,000 

 feet in altitude ; the balance is mostly sage covered plains interspersed with roll- 

 ing lava. 



The main ridge of the Rocky Mountains throws off numerous spars, which, 

 with their laterals, extend to the edge of the sage plains, forming many canyons 

 and several large valleys. The largest stands of timber occur on the north and 

 east exposures of these ridges. 



In the Hudsonian zone the characteristic trees are the Engelmann spruce 

 (Picea engelmanni) and the Alpine or balsam fir (Abies lasiocarpa) with some 

 scattered Douglas firs (Pseudotsuga taxifolia). 



In the Canadian zone are Douglas fir and Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) 

 with scattered Engelmann spruce and large groves of aspen which also extend 

 well down into the Transition zone. The latter is covered to a great extent with 

 sage brush (Artemisia trident at a) . 



Most of the streams have their sources near the heads of the canyons through 

 which they flow, and they are lined with thickets of willow, red osier, choke cher- 



'** X 



* MAR 28 1917 #] 



