July, 1917 SOME BIRDS OF CENTRAL OREGOX 133 



Sonoran zone is the sage-brush (Artemisia trident ata) . This shrub is found 

 abundantly to the very edge of the timber and is only replaced by other vege- 

 tation along streams and in some of the valleys. Other typical plants of this 

 zone are the greasewood (Sarcobates vermiculatits) , hackberry (Celtis occi- 

 dentalis), currant (Ribes aureum), and phlox (Phlox douglasi). 



The lower Cascade and Blue Mountain slopes lie within the Transition 

 zone, as do the Deschutes and other Forest Reserves of southern Crook and 

 northern Klamath counties. The Paulina Mountains and Mutton Mountains 

 are small, isolated ranges more or less timbered with pine and juniper. The 

 principal forest trees are the western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) , Douglas 

 fir (Pscudotsuga taxifolia), and grand fir (Abies grandis). In the more open 

 country the western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) grows extensively. Wil- 

 low (Salix amygdaloides) , alder (Alnus rhonibifolia) , and cottonwood (Popidus 

 trichocarpa) are found along streams. Oak (Que re us garryana) is common on 

 the hills near The Dalles. Other plants of this zone are cedar (Liboeedras de- 

 currens), chokecherry (Prunus demissa), blue elder (Sambueus glauca), western 

 b:-rch (Bet ula frontalis), wild rose (Bosa picicarpa) , snowberry (Symphoricarpos 

 orophilus), currant (Ribes eereum), and buck-brush (Ceanothus velutinus). 

 The following lists are given to show some of the typical species of land birds 

 of the two zones. 



UPPER SONORAN SPECIES 



Sage Hen Brewer Blackbird 



Desert Sparrow Hawk Western Lark Sparrow 



Burrowing Owl Sage Sparrow 



Western Kingbird Brewer Sparrow 



Say Phoebe White-rumped Shrike 



Gray Flycatcher Sage Thrasher 



Dusky Horned Lark Rock Wren 



TRANSITION SPECIES 



Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker Slate-colored Sparrow 



White-headed Woodpecker Lutescent Warbler 



Western Wood Pewee Audubon Warbler 



Clarke Nutcracker Western Yellowthroat 



San Diego Red-wing Dipper 



Bullock Oriole Pigmy Nuthatch 



Crossbill Mountain Chickadee 



Shufeldt Junco Western Bluebird 



Cassin Vireo 



Aechmophorus occidentalis. Western Grebe. Breeds rather sparingly at the 

 Paulina Marshes where it was found among the tall tules in the deepest parts of the 

 marsh. 



Podilymbus podiceps. Pied-billed Grebe. Noted in the more shallow parts of the 

 Paulina Marsh, where nests found early in June contained eggs in an advanced state of 

 incubation. 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Black Tern. Tolerably common at Paulina 

 Marsh, where it doubtless breeds, but no nests were found. 



Larus occidentalis. Western Gull. Noted on the Columbia River near the mouth 

 of the Deschutes, in April, 1915. 



Larus californicus. California Gull. A specimen was taken at the mouth of the 

 Deschutes on August 4, 1914. 



Pelicanus erythrorhynchos. White Pelican. On June 1, 1913, a large flock was 

 seen in flight a few miles east of Silver Lake. 



Mergus americanus. Merganser. Noted on the Deschutes River. 



Anas platyrhynchos. Mallard. On May 20, 1913, a pair of Mallards was flushed 

 from an alfalfa field bordering an irrigation ditch near Antelope, and ten days later I 

 found the species fairly common at the Paulina Marsh near Silver Lake. Here several 



