Mar., 1918 FROM FIELD AND STUDY 93 



Two More Records for the Widgeon in Washington, and Other Notes. — On Janu- 

 ary 13, 1918, two fully adult males of the European Widgeon (Mareca penelope) were 

 shot on the Nisqually Flats, Thurston County, Washington, and brought in to Edwards 

 Bros., of Tacoma, for mounting. They are in magnificent plumage and Mr. Edwards, who 

 is a true ornithologist, expressed sincere regret that he could not make them into skins 

 for scientific use. 



Further notes of interest have reached me from Mr. Walter F. Burton, Victoria, B. 

 C, regarding the Horned Owl invasion of this season. As was the case in Washington, 

 they were not so plentiful as last season. Mr. Burton writes in part: "Dec. 30, 1917. 

 We have paid out 50c bounty on eighty-five owls so far (Dusky Horned). They are not 

 as plentiful as last winter". Truly they must have become scarce in their natural habi- 

 tat. In this connection Mr. Ernest S. Norman, Kalevala, Manitoba, writes me that Horn- 

 ed Owls of any kind have suddenly disappeared from his locality, where formerly they 

 were fairly common. It would be interesting if more notes could be had from northern 

 collectors on this subject. 



The Snowy Owls (Nyctea nyciea), in spite of almost summer conditions here, have 

 been even more numerous in some parts of Washington than they were last season. A 

 possible cause for these invasions of the large owls has been suggested to me by Mr. D. E. 

 Brown, of Seattle, Washington. He says that a friend, recently down from Alaska, in- 

 formed him that the rabbits up there were practically exterminated about a year ago by 

 what he thought must have been some kind of disease, which would just about coincide 

 with the first great owl migration of 1916-1917. In addition to this it is well known 

 from several sources that ptarmigan have been scarce in Alaska for the past year. There 

 is little doubt that rabbits and ptarmigan, especially the rabbits, form two important 

 items in the diet of the larger owls during the winter months, so that the search for food 

 may have started hundreds of them upon what proved to be very long journeys. 



One cannot help feeling a great deal of sympathy for the Snowy Owls, as their 

 stomachs have seldom contained any food this winter, in spite of the fact that they are 

 nearly always surrounded by hundreds of ducks of many species. Mammals are scarce 

 in this locality and it seems evident that these owls only eat birds when forced to do so 

 by extreme hunger. Quite the contrary is the case with the Horned Owls, which are kill- 

 ers of birds and mammals alike, although they seldom pay much attention to the smaller 

 species of either. — J. H. Bowles, Tacoma, Washington, January 28, 1918. 



Do Purple Martins Inhabit Bird Boxes in the West? — This year the writer erected 

 a martin box at Albuquerque, New Mexico. I have since kept my eyes open for instances 

 of successful martin boxes in the southwest, but have found none. Last summer I found 

 Purple Martins (Progne subis) nesting abundantly in pine snags killed by impounded 

 waters at Lake Mary and Coleman Lake, in Coconino County, Arizona. It occurs to me 

 that this bird may not yet have become domesticated in the west. Can any reader of 

 The Condor enlighten me on this question? — Aldo Leopold, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 

 February 21, 1918. 



Two Midwinter Records for San Francisco County, California. — 

 Holboell Grebe (Colymbus Jiolboelli) . On December 23, 1917, while taking a 

 Christmas bird census for Bird-Lore with Mr. C. R. Thomas of Berkeley, California, a 

 Holboell Grebe was seen at Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, a species that is very uncom- 

 mon in this region. Kobbe writes in The Auk (1901) that an individual was taken at 

 Oakland in 1882, and that several were seen off the Presidio shore in 1900. Mr. Loomis 

 also found this Grebe uncommon at Monterey Bay. The Grebe was last seen by the 

 present writer at Stow Lake, February 3, 1918. 



Whistling Swan (Olor columManus) . Two swans, presumably of this species, 

 were seen feeding at Lake Merced December 23, 1917. This is the first time that I have 

 seen the species in this region and I believe that this is the first record for San Francis- 

 co County. — Harold E. Haxsex, San Fra?icisco, February 8, 1918. 



