120 THE CONDOR Vol. XX 



phine counties) south through the interior of northern and central California, in the Sac- 

 ramento and San Joaquin valleys, and on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. 



Specimens examined from the following localities. — Oregon. Douglas County: Rose- 

 burg, 5. Josephine County : Kerby 2; Grants Pass, 5. California. Shasta County: Tower 

 House, 2. Trinity County: Helena, 1. Tehama County: Mill Creek, 5 miles northeast Te- 

 hama, 10. Glenn County: Winslow, 5. Butte County: Chico, 2; Oroville, 1. Sutter Coun- 

 ty: Sutter, 1; West Butte, 1. Yolo County: Rumsey, 18. Solano County: Vacaville, 3. 

 Eldorado County: Limekiln, 1. Amador County: Carbondale, 5. San Joaquin County: 

 Tracy Lake, 1. Stanislaus County: LaGrange, 1; Modesto, 4. Merced County: Snelling, 

 2; 22 miles south of Los Bahos, 1. Mariposa County: Pleasant Valley, 2; Coulterville, 1; 

 El Portal, 17. Madera County: Raymond, 2. Fresno County: Hume, 1; Dunlap, 8; Mink- 

 ler, 7. Kern County: Weldon, 4; Onyx, 2; Bodfish, 4; Walker Pass, 1. Total, 120. 



Distinguishing characters. — Large size and grayish coloration. The color differ- 

 ences suffice to distinguish carolae from crissalis even in excessively worn plumage. Be- 

 tween carolae and senicula, while faded specimens sometimes become quite similar in col- 

 or, there are distinguishable differences in measurements. P. c. carolae is of large size 

 with relatively long and slender bill. (See fig. 20.) 



Remarks. — The color differences 

 characterizing Pipilo crissalis carolae 

 were noted in specimens from the habi- 

 tat of that subspecies by at least one au- 

 thor some years prior to the naming of 

 the race. Anthony (Auk, xn, 1895, p. 

 110) in a discussion of the brown tow- 

 a ° hees, remarks on the less rufescent col- 



Fig. 20. Bills of two subspecies of the oration of birds from Butte and Cala- 

 Brown Towhee (Pipilo crissalis); nat- verag count ies, as compared with typi- 



ural size j crissalis, and on the pallor of a spe- 



a. Pipilo crissalis carolae, $ ad.; . ' ^ r 

 no. 17360, Mus. Vert. Zool.; Tower cimen from the south fork of the Kern 

 House, Shasta Co., Calif.; March River. The coloration of the latter bird, 

 l, 1911. however, should not be considered as 



b. Pipilo crissalis senicula, $ ad.; indicative of intergradation toward 

 no. 3111, Mus. Vert. Zool.; Valle- . . fw mesoUucus the possibility 

 vista, Riverside Co., Calif.; Aug- - * . ' ' . Jr _. - 1 * / 

 ust 31, 1908. 01 ~ which was suggested, tor individuals 



from that region, grayish colored even 

 in fresh plumage, are especially subject to fading, from the fierce sunlight to 

 which they are exposed, as shown by additional specimens from the same sec- 

 tion. 



There are no skins at hand showing intergradation between carolae and seni- 

 cula. Specimens from the southern extremity of the Sierra Nevada, birds geo- 

 graphically nearest to the southern California race, show as wide divergence 

 from the latter as do those from Oregon. The floor of the San Joaquin Valley is 

 not suited to the needs of the Brown Towhee, and the species is absent from most 

 of this region ; but one specimen at hand taken at a point twenty-two miles south 

 of Los Bafios, Merced County, at the east base of the Mount Diablo range, though 

 showing a decided approach toward crissalis is still referable to carolae. 

 Pipilo crissalis senicula Anthony. Anthony Brown Towhee 



Type locality. — San Fernando, Lower California. 



Range. — Coastal slope of southern California and northern Lower California. 

 South in Lower California "at least to parallel of 29°" (RTdgway, Birds N. and Mid. Am., 

 i, 1901, p. 437). More explicitly, in southern California in the Upper and Lower Sonoran 

 zones, west from the eastern bases of the mountains forming the desert divides, in San 

 Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Ventura counties; north to 



