May, 1918 THE SUBSFECIES OF THE BROWN TOWHEE 121 



southern San Luis Obispo County, where intergradation with Pipilo crissalis crissalis 

 takes place. 



Specimens examined from the following localities. — San Diego County: San Diego, 

 S; Julian, 2; Dulzura, 4; Jacumba, 3; Point Loma, 2; Witch Creek, 8; Warner Pass, 1; 

 Poster, 1; Chula Vista, 1; La Puerta, 1; Cuyamaca Mountains, 1. Orange County: Tra- 

 buco Canyon, 1. Riverside County: San Jacinto Mountains, 28; Palm Springs, 2; Ban- 

 ning, 1; Riverside, 9; Jurupa Mountains, 4; Reche Canyon, 13. San Bernardino County: 

 Cajon Pass, 4; Lytle Creek, 2; San Bernardino, 3. Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, 9; 

 Pasadena, 57; Glendora, 1; Azusa, 5; Mount Wilson, 1; Linda Vista, 3; San Fernando, 6; 

 Santa Monica Mountains, 1. Ventura County: Ventura, 4. Santa Barbara County: Lom- 

 poc, 8; Guadalupe Lake, 2. San Luis Obispo County: San Luis Obispo, 1. Total, 197. 



Distinguishing characters. — Small size, dark coloration, and short, stubby bill. 



Remarks. — In the distribution accorded Pipilo crissalis senicula by Ridgway 

 (Birds N. and Mid. Am., i, 1901, p. 436) and the A. 0. U. Check-List (1910, p. 

 281) this subspecies is confined to northern Lower California and that portion 

 of southern California that lies south of the San Bernardino Mountains. Grin- 

 nell (Pac. Coast Avil, no. 11, 1915, p. 134), on the other hand, extends the range 

 northward throughout the San Joaquin Valley, and along the coast through San 

 Luis Obispo County. Specimens now at hand from certain critical points indi- 

 cate that the dividing line between senicula and crissalis should be drawn about 

 midway between the extremes above indicated. From southern California there 

 is an abundance of material in all stages of plumage, sufficient to justify the as- 

 sertion that there is uniformity of appearance in birds from San Diego, Orange, 

 Riverside, San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties. Going northward, speci- 

 mens from Ventura show the first tendency toward the reddish coloration of 

 crissalis, specimens from points in Santa Barbara County are intermediate, 

 though still nearest to senicula, and one from San Luis Obispo might almost as 

 readily be referred to crissalis as to the southern subspecies. There are no skins 

 at hand showing intergradation between senicula and carolae. 



MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS (AVERAGE, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM) OF THE 

 SUBSPECIES OF THE BROWN TOWHEE (Pipilo crissalis) 



,„■ * ■, ~ , * Middle toe 



Wing Tail Culmen Tarsus without claw 



Pipilo crissalis senicula 92.9(90.5-95.0) 106.6(101.5-109.0) 14.7(14.2-15.0) 26.8(25.5-28.0) 18.2(16.5-20.0) 



(10 males from San Die- 

 go County) 

 Pipilo crissalis crissalis 95.3(91.5-100.5) 105.2(98.5-110.0) 15.4(15.0-16.0) 28.6(28.0-29.5) 19.7(19.0-21.0) 



(10 males from Santa 

 Clara, Alameda, Sono- 

 ma and Marin counties) 

 Pipilo crissalis carolae 100.7 (95.0-107.0) 113.9 (107.0-119.0) 15.6 (15.0-16.5) 28.1 (27.0-29.2) 19.3 (19.0-20.0) 



(10 males from Sierra 

 Nevada in Fresno and 

 Mariposa counties) 

 Pipilo crissalis carolae 98.1 (91.0-103.0) 109.0 (105.0-114.0) 15.7 (15.5-16.5) 28.3 (27.0-30.0) 19.8 (1S.0-21.0) 



(10 males from Sacra- 

 mento Valley) 

 Pipilo crissalis carolae 97.5 (94.0-101.0) 109.5 (106.5-112.0) 15.7 (15.0-16.0) 27.8 (26.5-29.0) 19.8 (19.0-20.5) 



(5 males from southern 

 Oregon) 



Berkeley, California, February 7, 1918. 



