46 



they jerk their bodies from side to side, leaping to a considerable dis- 

 tance. They make no webs on the leaves, and do not suspend them- 

 selves by silken threads, like true measuring worms. When full-grown, 

 they form a thin, imperfect silken cocoon within a folded leaf or in some 

 crevice or sheltered spot, and transform to a brownish chrysalis. Three 

 weeks later the moths issue. There are two broods, as stated in the 

 first paragraph of this article. Subsequent accounts have added but 

 little to this brief history. 



According to Fitch, Harris is incorrect in his statement that the cat- 

 erpillars do not suspend themselves by threads. He says that if we 

 carefully look at an infested vine some specimens will almost always be 

 seen hanging down from the leaves. Their attachment, however, is 

 slight, and on the least agitation of the leaf the caterpillar lets go its 

 hold and drops to the ground, wriggling briskly for a short time after 

 touching the surface. When not engaged in feeding, he states, they 

 repose upon the under surface of the leaves or leaf stalks, stretching 

 themselves out straight and appearing more slender than at other times. 

 He further says that some of them enter the loose dirt slightly to change 

 to pupae, others crawl beneath the lumps of dirt, while still others 

 secrete themselves on or partly beneath the leaves lying upon the sur- 

 face of the ground. Moreover, he says, they do not inclose themselves 

 in cocoons, but assume the pupa state by throwing off their larval 

 skin. He follows with a full description of the young and half-grown 

 larvae. 



Concerning the method of- pupation, regarding which Fitch and 

 Harris thus differ so radically, Dr. Bethune states that the caterpillar 

 descends to the ground, crawls into any crevice or place of conceal- 

 ment, and forms a slight silken cocoon. Mr. Fuller says that they form 

 a loose silken cocoon among old leaves or in the cracks of the bark on 

 the poles. Mr. Coquillett says that they enter the earth. This is a 

 most peculiar series of contradictory statements, and from the charac- 

 ter of the observers we can only surmise that all are correct, and that 

 the insect may pupate in the leaves, under the bark of the poles, and 

 at or near the surface of the earth. That it spins some sort of silken 

 cocoon seems very certain, in spite of Fitch's statement to the contrary. 



Our own observations have been reasonably complete. On May 10, 

 1887, Mr. Pergande found a number of the eggs of this species on the 

 lower side of the lower leaves of the hop in all the hopyards about 

 Bichfield Springs, N. Y., as many as 6 having been found on a single 

 leaf. The color of the egg is pale green. In shape it coincides with 

 fig. 31, and it is longitudinally ribbed, as also shown in the figure. We 

 have not followed out this first brood, but early in August, 1883, larvae 

 were found very abundantly upon a hop vine in a garden in Washing- 

 ton. They varied in size from less than half-grown to full-grown. TPpon 

 August 15 several had transformed to pupae in slight webs with which 

 they had spun together the leaves of the food plant in the breeding jar. 

 Others transformed during the next ten days, and on August 24= the 



