23 



pith of smaller branches of fruit trees, and the perpendicular brood 

 chambers which ascend or descend from the main gallery parallel with 



the grain of the wood. Brandies thus girdled are killed beyond the 

 point of attack, and the trimming of the trees is frequently so severe 

 that the damage is attributed to lightning. 



Pear and apple trees suffer from its attacks from Nova Scotia south- 

 ward. It also girdles and kills young trees of many kinds which have 

 been injured by fire. Professor Hopkins reports it from West Vir- 

 ginia in hemlock, oak, etc., and says that it enters the sapwood and 

 heartwood of freshly cut logs of all >orts. 



Xyleborus tachy graph us Zimm. is a rather more slender species than 



Flu. 19.— Gallery of Xylebonu ceUiu in hickory (original). 



the preceding. It has been found by Mr. Schwarz near the District 

 of Columbia girdling the shoots of LiriodendrOD in the same way 

 as X. <Hsp, if, and Mr. Chittenden has found it also upon box-elder, 

 red-bud, maple, beech, and sumac Ir ranges from New Hampshire 

 to Xorth Carolina, but has not been found west of the Alleghany 

 Mountains. 



Xyleborus obesus Lee. is not readily distinguished from A". dUpar. 

 According to Professor Hopkins, in West Virginia it inhab - 

 beech, hemlock, etc.. and makes large black pinholes in the greenwood 



