INVESTIGATION OF LIFE EISTOEY 



45 



THE PUPA. 



The Pupal Chamber. 



The pupal chamber or cell is formed by the full-grown larva. As 

 soon as feeding is completed the larva becomes somewhat shorter 

 and thicker, makes its way into the ground, and by means of burrow- 

 ing and moving the body about, forms the chamber in which to pupate. 



The pupa rests in this cavity (fig. 19) on the dorsum, where it 

 remains until the beetle emerges. 



Description of Pupa. 



Length 25 mm., width at first abdominal segment 12 mm. Color pale yellow. 

 Head depressed, only a small portion of the pronotum being visible from above. 

 Dorsal part of thoracic segments smooth, shining. Lateral edges of first abdominal 

 segment rounded be- 

 hind. On the second to 

 sixth segments, inclu- 

 sive, the lateral edge.^ 

 are thickened and dark 

 brown in color, and pro- 

 trude slightly over the 

 stigmata. The forme: 

 are slightly hollowed out 

 in front and bluntly 

 toothed behind. The 

 segments following are 

 not thickened laterally. 

 A thick brush of brown 

 hairs is present on the 

 dorsal part of the first 

 five abdominal seg- 

 ments, also a smaller one 

 on the eighth segment; 



sometimes less prominent ones occur on the sixth and seventh segments. Spiracles 

 somewhat protected by lateral brushes. Mouth parts, antennae, wings, and legs folded 

 beneath the head. Hind pair of legs extending to the tip of the abdomen. Wings 

 extending beyond the fourth abdominal segment. 



^Hs* 



, /; 





■ 



sjlRssj^ 





iPSS 











Lrrs^sn 



Hi 









igME^p 









iH?JsKb&.. 





WmkM 



II 



Fig. 19.— Pupa of Calosoma sycophanta in cavity in the earth. 

 (Original.) 



Experiments with the Ptjp^e of Calosoma sycophanta. 



Several experiments have been tried by removing pupse from 

 their natural pupating cavities and placing them in jars or artificially 

 constructed cavities in order to determine whether they can be safely 

 handled in this stage. In a number of cases no disastrous results fol- 

 lowed their removal, and they can be safely treated in this way, 

 provided the artificial cavity in which they are placed remains 

 intact, so that no lumps of earth or other substances fall in upon the 

 pupae and thus prevent the normal emergence of the beetles. As a 

 rule it is difficult to secure these conditions witli any degree of cer- 



