46 OALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA. 



tainty, and it is therefore better to avoid disturbing the larva after it 

 has descended to form the pupal cavity. 



During the fall of 1907 it seemed desirable to ascertain if it was 

 possible for Calosoma larvae which hatched from eggs laid late in the 

 season to enter the pupal state and so remain during the winter. 



Ten pupae were used in this experiment, and were treated in three 

 different ways. One lot was placed in galvanized-iron cages, another 

 in mosquito-netting cages out of doors, and the third lot pupated in 

 jars, which were placed in a cool cellar during the winter. 



EXPERIMENT IN WINTERING CALOSOMA PUP^E IN GALVANIZED-IRON CAGES. 



The galvanized-iron cages were made in the form of a cylinder, 

 4 inches in diameter and 24 inches long, and were sunk into the ground 

 20 inches. The ends of the cylinders were covered with mosquito 

 netting. 



On September 6, 1907, 5 pupae were removed from the pupal 

 cavities in the jars in which they had previously transformed, and on 

 the following day another specimen was secured, and each of the 6 

 was placed in a separate cage at depths of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 inches 

 below the surface, an artificial cavity at these depths being made in 

 the soil. 



May 19, 1908, the cages were examined, and it was found that all 

 the Calosoma pupae had transformed to beetles. Two females were 

 alive, although one had been partly crushed by the settling of the 

 earth in the cylinder, while 2 males and 1 injured specimen, which 

 could not be determined as to sex, were also found. 



Cages of this type proved impractical for hibernation experiments. 



EXPERIMENTS IN WINTERING CALOSOMA PUP^E IN WIRE-NETTING CAGES. 



Two pupae were used in the experiments with wire-netting cages, 

 but the results with one of these was not determined owing to an 

 accident. 



The cage consisted of wire mosquito netting, which was attached 

 to the trunk of a tree, and extended about a foot below the surface 

 of the ground, the top being cohered with the same material. On 

 September 6, 1907, the Calosoma pupa from which the only record 

 was secured was placed in a cavity made about 4 inches below the 

 surface. 



May 18, 1908, this cage was dug up and a live male beetle found in 

 the cavity. 



EXPERIMENTS IN WINTERING CALOSOMA PUP^E IN A COOL CELLAR. 



Jars containing 4 Calosoma pupae were removed to the cool cellar 

 of the laboratory on September 20, 1907, and early in October they 

 were transferred to another cellar where the temperature was slightly 

 above freezing during the winter, and which was very damp. 



