48 CALOSOMA SYCOPHANTA. 



daily by Mr. S. S. Crossman. It was white, and evidently had just 

 pupated. Mr. Grossman's memorandum contains the following notes : 



August 23: Legs, eyes, and mouth parts have become pale pink in color. 



September 3: Eyes nearly black, tips of mandibles black. 



September 6: Mouth parts black, legs and tip of abdomen becoming darker in color. 

 The body is of a dirty cream color. 



September 8: Eyes and mandibles black. Legs and antennae brown. Tip of abdo- 

 men darker in color. 



September 9: Legs and antennae growing darker; tibiae and tarsi black; clypeus 

 brown. 



September 10: The entire pupa is much darker to-day. 



September 11: Beetle emerged at 8.15 a. m. The elytra are pale brown in color. 

 At 12 m. they had become brownish green, and at 3 p. m. metallic green, which is 

 characteristic of newly emerged beetles. The body is still soft, and the beetle has not 

 left the cell. 



September 13: Beetle left pupal cavity early this morning. 



The length of time in this stage will be governed largely by the tem- 

 perature as it will be noted that the pupae first cited transformed to 

 adults in about one-half the time required by the one last mentioned. 

 A good set of records was secured in 1910 and they are probably typical 

 for jar experiments. When the larvae pupate in the ground, doubtless 

 the time required is somewhat greater. 



The records of 10 pupa?, 6 males and 4 females, ranged from 12 to 15 

 days, the average being 13.4 days. 



THE ADULT OR BEETLE. 



Emergence of Calosoma Beetles in the Spring. 



Only a few records were kept in the spring of 1908 of the emergence 

 of Calosoma beetles which developed from pupae in the fall of 1907, as 

 most of the specimens reared were used for experiments to test the 

 ability of the beetles to hibernate and the cages were dug up before the 

 time of normal emergence. 



In the spring of 1909 the time of emergence for 16 males and 17 

 females that transformed from pupae in the summer of 1908 ranged 

 from June 8 to 21, the average time being June 13. The first two 

 weeks in June were unusually cool for the season of the year, the tem- 

 perature averaging much lower than in 1908. 



A similar record of 512 beetles in the spring of 1910 showed that the 

 emergence took place from May 11 to June 28, the average date 

 being June 2. 



Hibernation is so closely related to emergence that it is considered 

 at this point. 



Hibernation of Calosoma sycophanta. 



In the summer of 1907 it was found that as soon as the food supply 

 was reduced, the Calosoma beetles became inactive, and if given an 

 opportunity they went into the ground and remained in a somewhat 



