494 SIDNEY H. RAY. 
a, but i, pron. he 0, locative 
e, pron. he, she, it o, and u, a hill 
In Hawaiian, again, a greater number of words is formed by 
the union of a consonant and a single vowel; as, ha, ka, li, me, 
no, pu, wa’! But this again is Ponape, thus, ka, la, ma, ta, ud, 
pa, re, po.2 The great majority of radical words consist of two 
syllables both in Hawaiian and Ponapean. 
Haw. po-no, good, i-no, bad, lo-a, long, etc. 
Pon. tu-ka, tree, na-na, mountain, ma-tau, ocean, etc. 
The Hawaiian Grammar discusses the various ways in which 
words are formed, some by doubling the first syllable of the root, 
others by doubling the second syllable. It shows also thata 
numerous class of words are formed by repeating both syllables or 
by reduplicating the root, thus : 
pala, to paint, pala-nala —lawe, to carry, lawe-lawe 
pulu, wet, pulu-pulu helu, to count, helu-helu. 
This is also characteristic of Ponape. 
koma, to punish, koma-koma tang, to run, tang-tang 
monga, to eat, monga-monga pe, to fight, pe-pe. 
We need not dwell further upon this point. The Hawaiian 
Grammar, however, notices as “a peculiar trait” of the Hawaiian 
language, that a majority of words can be used as nouns, adjec- 
tives, verbs, or adverbs. This “ peculiar trait” is also found in 
the Ponape tongue, and the same is true of its parts of speech. 
§ 4. AccENT. 
The tone syllable of most Hawaiian words is the penultimate 
To this there are a few exceptions. In some the tone falls on the 
ultimate, in others on the ante-penultimate. Sutlixed particles 
possess great power in attracting towards them the accent. This 
is also the simple law of the Ponape tongue in its accentuation. 
eee 
i eae at 3 
1 Four; a baler; to strangle; with; to belong; trumpet; time oF 
season. 
? These ; away; storm; what ; flowers or fruit; hand; grass smell. 
