430 SIDNEY H. RAY. 
What the Hawaiian would put into one category the Ponapean | 
would put into another. This will be discussed further on. 
3. The third point is the distinction inherent in the Hawaiian 
prepositions ka and ko. Their office is to express the possessive 
case, or that case expressed by the apostrophic ’s in English, ho 
ka hale, the house’s or that which belongs to the house, ko ke kino, 
the body’s, or that which belongs to the body." 
The Ponape impresses much the same law on the particle en, 
using one particle rather than two. ‘The first office of en is simply 
prepositional, to denote the relation expressed by the preposition 
of. But it has a larger use, to give forms or turns to the genitive, 
similar to the ka and ko of the Hawaiian. It does not as dis- 
tinctly denote the form of the apostrophic ’s, but it does give 
another meaning to the simple possessive. This will be more 
distinctly seen in the examples of declension. 
The singular noun with the prepositions will sufficiently illus- 
trate the points under discussion. 
Hawaiian—Ka HALE, the house. 
Nom. ka hale, the house. 
Doe , 0 ka hale, aka hale, of the house. 
' \ ko ka hale, ka ka hale, the house’s. 
Dat. no ka hale, na ka hale, for the house. 
fi ka hale, the house 
Acc. 
| ma ka a. at or to the house. 
Voc. eka hale, o the house. 
mati ka hale, from the house. 
Abl. < me ka hale, with the house. 
| ¢ ka hale, by the house. 
Ponape—OL, man. 
Nom.—Nom. ol, man. 
nn Gen. ol en, man of 
Gen. en ol, na, a, of the man. 
Dat. on ol, for the man. 
Ace. ong ol, ni ol, to or at the man. 
Obj. + Voe. of la, man 0. 
Abl. ren ol, iang ol, with the m 
Abl. pan ol, ki ol, jong ol, of or from the man. 
1 Ka and ko are abbreviations of ka a, ke a, or ka 0, ke 0, t.€ the article 
with the possessive words a and o 
