438 SIDNEY H. RAY. 
for the definite article, the other has appropriated to it, the office 
of a causative. 
[The names of the numbers in these decimal systems are sub- 
stantially the same in both languages, but the Ponape words for 
four and nine, apong and atu are uncommon. These agree with 
the Palau Islands awang, oang, four, and ettew, etew, nine, which 
are probably only forms of the common wa, fa, and sia, siwo. 
The Hawaiian kahi by a regular change of ¢ to &, and s to h, is 
the common Polynesian tasi, which, though probably formed from 
the root ¢a or sa, common in Melanesia does not agree with it so 
closely as the Ponape at. The change of ¢ to k, and f to hin 
_ Hawaiian, and of ¢ to 7 in Ponape show kolu and eil, hiku and ¢ 
to be the common ¢olw and fitw. 
The ordinals in Hawaiian appear to follow the ordinary Poly- 
nesian rule and prefix the article as in Maori, te tahi, te rwa, te toru, 
Samoan ‘0 le lua, ‘o le tolu. The Ponape ka prefixed though 
identical in form with the causative prefix may not be really the 
same. In Fijiand other Melanesian languages, and also in Malay, 
the ordinal is formed by a prefix ka or ke, ¢.g., Fiji karwa second, 
Efate and Nguna kerwa second, kelima fifth, Malay kaduwa 
second. In these languages ka is not the causative prefix and 
hence the Ponape ka (and possibly the Hawaiian) may be of 
similar origin to the Fiji ka. In Melanesia the causative prefix 
usually forms a multiplicative numeral as in Banks’ Tslands. 
vaga-rua, twice, vaga-tol, thrice. This form is also found as* 
ordinal in some parts of Melanesia, but usually with a substantive 
termination. In Malagasy also the causative faha forms a0 
ordinal faha-roa, second, The Ponape ordinal ka moa shows the 
word moa or mua, used in many languages of Oceania for “front,” 
“before.” Banks’ Islands moai, first. | 
The Hawaiian Grammar notes that “ Formerly, in counting, 
the Hawaiians, when they reached the number forty turned back 
and commenced at one and counted another forty, and so on till 
they laid aside ten forties ; these ten forties they called a law, 
