440 SIDNEY H. RAY. 
§ 11. Pronouns. 
The personal pronouns in these tongues are : 
Hawatian. PONAPEAN, 
Singular. Singular. 
au, wou I nga, % I 
oe you koe (komui, chief’s lang.) you 
ia he, she, it i, @ he, she, it 
Dual. Dual. : 
maua (exclusive) We two kita (exclusive) We two 
kawa (inclusive) We two kit (inclusive) We two 
olua you two koma you two 
lawa they two tra they two 
Plural. Plural. 
makou (exclusive) We kit, je we 
kakou we kitail we 
oukou you komail you 
lakou they trail they 
Tn the second personal pronoun the Hawaiian oe is Ponape koe. 
In the third person ia is bisected in Ponape but intact in Hawaii. 
Both tongues have forms in the dual and plural to express the 
inclusion or exclusion of the person addressed. All wear a strong 
family look. 
[The Hawaiian pronouns are substantially the same as in other 
Polynesian languages. In the dual first and third persons wa is 
an abbreviation of the numeral lwa, two. Similarly in the plural 
kou, is an abbreviation of kolu, three, the common tolu. 
The Ponape presents some differences which are worth noting. 
Ngai is a Melanesian rather than a Polynesian form. In the 
dual and plural %i, 7, may be regarded as demonstratives, and are 
— similarly in many Melanesian languages.! In the plural @ 
1s an abbreviation of ejil, three.” 
The root forms compared in che 
two languages are thus : 
peepee Spel 8 
1 &. also the Tongan kimaua, kitaua, ete., Aniwa agimawa, agitawa. i 
_? Cf. similar abbreviations in the Solomon Islands Languages.— 
rington, Mel. Lang. P- 507, 512, ete. 
