LANGUAGES OF PONAPE AND HAWAII. 443 
another noun with a suffixed pronoun. Thus taking examples 
from Mota of Banks’ Islands and from Fiji, we have : 
1. Mota -%, Fiji nggu, used as suffixed pronouns to names of 
parts of the body and relationships: gatu-k, ulu-nggu, my head, 
tama-k, tama-nggu, my father. The Ponape suffixed pronoun is 
also used with the same kind of nouns: mong-ai, my head, jam-ai, 
my father. So also other Micronesian languages: Gilbert Islands 
atu-ku, tama-ku, Marshall Islands bor-a, jem-a. No examples of 
this construction are found in the Polynesian languages. 
2, In Mota ‘my garment’ is no-k siopa, Fiji, no-nggu isulu, 
where no is plainly a noun used with the same pronouns suflixed 
asin the previous examples. If no be translated “ thing” or 
“property,” the literal construction is my-thing (a) garment, and 
the Ponape nai (na-ai) kapit, my knife is of the same form. The 
Hawaiian ko’ kapa, my garment is in Maori toku kakahu, and 
in these the wand ku are suffixed pronouns, being in fact of 
identical origin with the Mota, Fiji and Gilbert Island forms given 
above. The Hawaiian k, and Maori ¢ represent the articles ke 
and te. Hence theo in Maori and Hawaiian may be regarded as 
of the same use as the Mota and Fiji no or the Ponape na. The 
construction is identical in the Melanesian, Micronesian and 
Polynesian tongues. 
3, It is probable that the Ponape prefix possessive a7 is distinct 
from the suffix ai, and that the pronoun is really 7. (C/. the pre- 
Positions rei, with me, ren, with him, pai, with me, pan, with 
§ 12. VERBS. 
1. The Hawaiian verb as shown in the grammar is certainly 
elaborate when compared with that of Ponape. Possessing about 
"8 Many moods, the tenses are more numerous and fuller, so are 
the causative forms. The passive voice is more perfect. Whether 
we may call it “philosophical for a language to agglutinate to 
— SO many particles to explain the various shades of thought 
needing to be expressed, when the same particles in their tense 
