446 SIDNEY H. RAY. 
HAWAIIAN. PoNAPE. 
First form of the preterite. The First form of ee Bpicoe 
simple form of the verb. Simple form of the 
1. holo au, I ran 1. Z tang, I ran 
2. holo oe, you ran 2. ko tang, you ran 
3. holo ia, he ran 3. a tang, he ran. 
Second form; this form prefixes a Second aoe this form pre- 
to the verb, meaning “and when,” fixes ap, meaning “and then” or 
thus :— better, “ then” simply. 
1. a hana au, and when I made 1. Z ap wia, I then made 
2. ahana oe,andwhenyoumade 2. ko ap wia, you then made 
3. ahana ia, and when he made 3. a ap uia, he then made 
Fourth form; the verb prefixes ua.* Third form; this form uses the 
This particle according tothe grammar particle er suffixed, and denotes 
is more often used as the perfect tense. “‘ done, perfected, finished.” 
1. wahunaau, have concealed 1. J wa er, I have brought 
2. uahunaoe, youhave concealed 2. ko ua er, you have brought 
3. ua huna ia, he has concealed 3. a ua er, he has brought 
7. Future Tense—The Hawaiian possesses two forms of this 
tense. The first prefixes ¢ to the root,” the second has an additional 
é suffixed, thus :— 
First Form. Second Form. 
1. e lohe au, I will hear 1. e lohee au, I shall have heard 
2. ¢ lohe oe, you will hear 2. ¢ lohe e oe, you will have heard 
3. € lohe ia, he will hear 3. ¢ lohe e ia, he will have heard 
Ponape also possesses two forms of this tense. The first is 
denoted by the particle pan,® * will,” prefixed, the second by the 
particle nok, meaning “shall, intend,” or “about to.” 
First Form. Second Form. 
1. I pan rong, I will hear 1. J nok wia, [shallor intend to do 
» 
1 This is the common kua of Polynesia, usually a perfect sign. 
2 In Samoan, Maori, Tongan and Marquesan, e is both a present and 
future parte In Rarotongan and Tahitian it is usually future, but 
3 Panisa ae common in Melanesia as van, vano, togo. Hence Pa 
pan rong Ineans © guiag So hone.” Of. Lifu tro deng, also meaning “ 
to hear.’’ 
