LANGUAGES OF PONAPE AND HAWAII 447 
2, kopanrong, you willhear 2. ko nok wia, you will or intend 
to do 
3. a pan rong, he will hear 3. anok uaa, hewill or intends todo 
8. Present Tense—The present tense of the Hawaiian verb 
differs so materially from the Ponape, that both are here omitted. 
9, Subjunctive Mood—Particles are used to indicate this mood 
in both languages, but the simpler use is found in Ponape. 
10. Imperative Mood—The Hawaiian grammar shows two forms 
of this mood, both indicated by particles. The first prefixes e to 
the verb, thus: e nana oe, look you. The second form prefixes 
mai, “do not,” to the verb, thus: mat huli oe, do not you turn. 
The Ponape also possesses two forms, the first prefixing en, the 
second ter: e.9., en ngar, do you look, or simply, look ; der tang, 
do not run. 
ll. Infinitive Mood—In the Hawaiian, the g notes that 
this mood is not infrequently of the same form as the imperative, 
and can only be distinguished by the sense of the passage. This 
is also true of the Ponape verb. In Hawaiian, however, " 
particle ¢ is prefixed to the root of the verb to indicate the “ to” 
of the English infinitive. 
; § 13. PanrTIcIPLes. 
1 These are marked in the Hawaiian. Certain particles are 
used to designate them, called the present and preterite, ¢.9., 
¢ lawe ana, carrying ; i lawe ia, carried. The same idea is not 
indicated in Ponape by a particle, but usually, the simple form of 
the verb is used participially. The reduplicated form of the verb 
gives a present participle, tang, to run, tangtang, running ; alu, 
to walk, alualu, walking. 
The Hawaiian has a Gerund. “It takes the definite article 
(ka) or a prefix pronoun ”; ka lawe, the bearing, ka papa, the 
forbidding. Ponape possesses a part of speech similar to this, or 
it may be called a verbal noun. It prefixes, ka causative, and 
Suifixes a prepositional pronoun, thus: ka maua pa-t, “the making 
Sood of me,” 
