NOTES ON ANTARCTIC ROCKS. 461 
and a half kilos of the green leaves gathered in June. The oil 
was slightly yellowish and nearly as thick as vaseline oil. It had 
a pungent resinous and bitter taste, and a very strong scent 0 
the pepper tree leaves. 
Owing to the small quantity as yet obtained, no steps have 
been taken towards an examination. From the very strong scent 
of the oil, however, it is not unlikely that the odour of the leaves 
of the pepper tree may be wholly owing to it. 
NOTES ON ANTARCTIC ROCKS COLLECTED BY 
MR. C. E. BORCHGREVINK. 
By T. W. E. Davin, B.A, F.G.8., Professor of Geology; W. F. 
SMEETH, M.A., B.E., Assoc. R.S.M., Lecturer in Metallurgy 
and Demonstrator in Geology; and J. A. SCHOFIELD, 
F.C.S., Assoc. R.8.M., Demonstrator in Chemistry, 
University of Sydney. 
[With Plates XIII. - oid.) 
[Read before the Royal Society of N. S. Wales, August 7 and December 4, 1895. ] 
Part I.—Inrropucrory Notes aBouT ANTARCTICA. 
(1) Introduction.—The region to which this paper refers is by 
far the largest unexplored land area in the world, its area being 
estimated by Dr. John Murray to be at least 4,000,000 square 
miles, and therefore greater than that of Australia. Situated 
between the voleanic zone of the Andes and the Taupo zone in 
New Zealand, it supplies several links to that chain of fire which, 
Commencing at the north-western extremity of Antarctica, runs 
around the earth along the Andes and the volcanoes of Central 
America and Alaska, through the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the 
Kurile Islands, and various islands of the Pacific, through north- 
