468 T. W. E. DAVID, W. F. SMEETH, AND J. A. SCHOFIELD. 
being visible they decided to return northwards to Cape Adare, 
where they landed, being the first human beings who had ‘ever set 
foot on that territory. Their landing place was a sort of peninsula, 
which formed a complete breakwater for the inner bay, through 
which they steered. Immense swarms of penguins were on the 
cape, on which they nested as high up as 1,000 feet. Mr. 
Borchgrevink and his party after landing, collected specimens of 
the rock, and they also found some signs of vegetation, consisting 
of lichens (?) like those met with by them at Possession Island. 
Throughout the whole of their voyage they had a comparatively 
high temperature, and they met with great numbers of sperm 
whales. The minimum temperature which they encountered 
within the Antarctic circle was 25° Fahr., and the maximum was 
46°, while all through the ice pack it kept at 28°. The mean 
temperature for January 1895 was 32°5° Fahr., and for February 
30° Fahr. ~ 
While at Possession Island and Cape Adare Mr. Borchgrevink 
collected specimens of the different varieties of rock obtainable at 
those localities. Several of the specimens from Cape Adare are 
in the form of waterworn pebbles, which were picked up by Mr. 
Borchgrevink on the shores of that headland. 
(3) Summary of Antarctic Geology.—The observations of the 
Antarctic explorers mentioned above prove that (a) eruptive, (b) 
sedimentary, and (c) metamorphic rocks are well represented in 
Antarctica. If the (a) Hruptive rocks be divided into respectively 
plutonic, and volcanic groups, we find that the former comprises 
granite, pegmatite, granulites rich in microcline and muscovite, 
syenite, diorite, diabase etc., and the latter pumice, andesites 
partly hornblendic, augite-labradorite rocks (augite-andesites ), 
basalts, basic scorie, palagonite tufts. 
(b) Sedimentary rocks—These comprise the Cucullea rocks of 
Cape Seymour, with fossil wood of Lower Tertiary Age, numerous 
fragments of limestone, partly molluscan, partly foraminiferal, the 
latter Tertiary, the former of doubtful geological age, some more 
