30 



Brookville not one could be found, and I doubt if a single specimen was 

 permitted to deposit its eggs, owing to the persistent warfare waged by 

 this garrulous sparrow. Of native birds the Robin, Merula migrator id, 

 Sw. & Eich. ; Blackbird, Quiscalus purpureas ceueus, Ridg.; Gat-bird, 

 Galeoscoptes carolinensis, Cab.; Red-headed Woodpecker, Helanerpes 

 erythroceplialas, Sw.; Golden-winged Woodpecker, Colaptes auratus, S w. ; 

 Towhee Bunting, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Vieill. ; and Orchard Oriole, 

 Icterus spurius, Bp., were their greatest enemies. Food of every other 

 sort appeared to be neglected iu order that they might feast for a lim- 

 ited period upon the easily captured Cicada. Of other birds examined 

 the following contained Cicada remains : Brown Thrasher, Harporhyn- 

 chus rufus, Cab. ; Baltimore Oriole, Icterus galbula, Coues ; Scarlet Tana- 

 ger, Pyranga rubra, Vieill.; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, PoHoptila ccerulea, 

 Scl.; Worm-eating Warbler, Helminth other us vermivorus,S. & G.; Purple 

 Martin, Progne subis, Baird; Wood Pewee, Contopus virens, Cab.; Wood 

 Thrush, Rylocichla mustelina, Baird; Yellow- throated Vireo, Lanivireo 

 iiavifrons^B-MTd', Cardinal Grosbeak, Gardinalisvirginianus,B\).; Tufted 

 Titmouse, Lophophanes bicolor, Bp. ; Carolina Chickadee, Parus carolin- 

 ensis, Aud.; Chipping Sparrow, Spizella domestica, Coues; Downy Wood- 

 pecker, Picus villosus,lj.; Great-crested Flycatcher, Myiarchus minibus, 

 Cab. ; Indigo bird, Passerina cyanea, Gray ; Cow bird, Molotkrus ater. 

 Gray; White-bellied Nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis, Gmel. ; Yellow-billed 

 Cuckoo, Goccyzus americanus, Bp.; Black-billed Cuckoo, G. erythrophthal- 

 mus, Baird; Gold Finch, Astragalinus trisiis, Cab.; Crow, Gorvus frugiv- 

 orus Bartr., and Cedar bird, Ampelis cedrorum, Baird. But two species 

 of all the birds examined showed no evidence of Cicada eating. These 

 were the Blue Warbler, Dendroeca ccerulea, Baird, and the Warbling 

 Yireo, Vireosylva gilva, Cass. Most birds only eat the softer parts, but 

 some species — the Robin, Brown Thrasher, Towhee Bunting, and a few 

 others — eat also the wings and legs, and even occasionally the head. I 

 found Fox Squirrels, Sciurus niger ludovicianus, Allen, eating them, 

 the young showing greater fondness for this food than did their parents. 

 The Ground Squirrel, "Chipmunk," Tamias striatus, Baird, was very 

 fond of them. I have seen this mammal climb to the highest limbs of 

 an apple tree seeking Cicadas. When Cicadas fell into our streams 

 many of them became the prey of various species of fish. Our fisher- 

 men complained of their inability to get fish to take the hook while 

 they were feeding upon this new food. The remains of these insects 

 were found in Black Bass, Micropterus salmoides, Henshall; Blue Cat 

 Fish, Ichthaelurus punctatus, Jordan; and White Sucker, Catostomus 

 teres, LeS. Rev. D. R. Moore, a valued fellow- worker, found two spe- 

 cies of snails, Mesodon exoleta, Binn., and M. elevata, Say, feeding upon 

 dead Cicadas. This fact was a great surprise to me. But few instances 

 were recorded of Digger Wasps killing these insects. Stizus grandis, 

 Say, was the only species observed. Aside from the enemies mentioned 

 above, there were many others to which I could not direct my attention. 



