26 



Beech (Fagus ferruginea, Ait.), Maple {Acer saccliarinum, Wang.), Oak 

 (Quercus, several species), Honey Locust (Gleditschia triacanthos, L.), 

 Black Gum (JSTyssa muUiflora, Wang.), Thorn (Cr atwgus, several species), 

 Wild Grab-apple (Pyrus coronaria, L.), Elm (Ulmus fulva, Michx. and 

 U. americana, L.), Osage Orange (Madura aurantiaca,^Sntt.), Sycamore 

 (Platanus occidentalism L.), and among orchard trees, Apple, Qnince, and 

 Peach, were trees upon which the females deposited their eggs in great- 

 est numbers, but, from the fact that all of these trees are not present in 

 equal numbers, they could only be occupied in proportion to their 

 abundance. Cicadas were also found laying upon the Tulip Tree (Lirio- 

 dendron tulipifera, L.), Black Locust (Robinia pseud acacia, L.), Sweet- 

 brier (Rosa rubiginosa, L.), Red Bud (Cercis canadensis, L.), Grape 

 {Vitus cordifoiia, Michx.), Poison Ivy (Rhus toxicodendron, L.), Catalpa 

 ( Catalpa bignonioides, Walt.), and upon the domesticated species of Plum, 

 Pear, Gooseberry, and Currant. I have found them very rarely oviposit- 

 ing on Hickory (Carya, several species), Ash (Fraxinus americana, L.), 

 Linden (Tilia americana, L.), Walnut (Juglans nigra, L.), and Butternut 

 [J. cinerea, L.). No eggs were found upon the Wild Cherry (Primus 

 serotina, Ehr.), or upon the cultivated Cherry. 



Twenty-three days after the appearance of the Cicadas a perceptible 

 decrease in numbers was observed. Up to this time the males had 

 greatly outnumbered the females, but the decrease in numbers appears 

 to come from the disappearance of the former, which, being the first to 

 appear, are also the first to leave us. Nine days later but few examples 

 could be found, and these were mostly females. Thirty-nine days after 

 appearing but an occasional Cicada could be found, and their season 

 may be said to be ended. These observations were made in localities 

 where they first appeared, but observations in other places sustain the 

 chronology I have given. At a point 5 miles east of Brookville, on July 

 15, nine days after they had disappeared from the river valleys, I found 

 Cicadas abundant and very active, indicating that they had not yet 

 reached the wane of their maturity. 



The typical species, Cicada septendecim, L., and the smaller form, cas- 

 sinii, Fisher, were both found here, but the latter was much the more 

 common. Each form frequents a different locality. 



I have never seen a place where the territory of the two kinds could 

 be said to overlap. True it is that an occasional representative of one 

 form may be found within the range of the other, but such cases are 

 rare, and when they do occur are easily distinguished. 



There are three different sounds produced by the Cicada. The note 

 of surprise is one which never fails to startle the intruder; it is a shrill 

 screech of varying length. When several insects utter this noise at the 

 same time it is almost deafening to one who is close at hand. Another 

 sound is the peculiar rattling noise made by the insect when flying. 

 This utterance is very monotonous, without inflection, and prolonged 

 to various lengths according to the distance of flight. The sounds just 



