VARIETIES OF APPLES. 35 



low color, and possesses a pleasant flavor. For home use. especially, it would appear 

 to possess considerable merit as a tall variety. 



In Bedford County. Va.. at 900 to 1.000 feet elevation on Cecil sandy loam, it has 

 proved more satisfactory than most varieties have under these soil conditions. Here 

 it reaches maturity the last of September, but may be kept until the holidays. 

 Fall Pippin. 



This variety occurs in a few of the older orchards, particularly in Virginia, but it is 

 unimportant in these regions. In the mountain orchards, where it is found, it generally 

 bears good crops in alternate years, but in the Piedmont orchards it is apparently pre- 

 disposed to decay and is of little value on this account. A difference of 500 feet in ele- 

 vation makes considerable difference in the time of its reaching maturity. A similar 

 difference is of course noticeable in the case of all varieties. 

 Fallawater. Synonym: Tulpehocken. 



The distribution of the Fallawater apple is quite general in the Piedmont and Blue 

 Ridge regions of Virginia in the older orchards, but it has rarely been planted in 

 recent years, nor is it common south of Virginia. It is relatively unimportant here 

 either for market or home use. The tree, though making a fairly vigorous growth, 

 is short lived, twenty-five or thirty years being considered about the limit of time it 

 may be expected to live. Fairly heavy crops are usually borne in alternate years. 



Its behavior may be indicated as follows: At the lower levels of the Piedmont region 

 in Virginia and along the foothills it reaches a very large size, and primarily on this 

 account it drops badly. It is also subject to decay, almost the entire crop often being 

 lost in this way. At elevations of 1.500 or 1.800 feet the fruit is generally smaller 

 than at the lower levels and the dropping and other defects are less serious. At these 

 higher points its season of maturity is late fall to early winter: in the Piedmont region 

 it is a fall variety. In this connection it is of interest to note that in the northern 

 fruit districts, where it is grown more or less, it can be held until well into the winter 

 without difficulty. In a few instances trees on Cecil clay and Porters clay at an alti- 

 tude of 1.200 feet have given good results, but as a rule the higher altitudes are to be 

 preferred. In the northern portion of these regions trees on the red clay loams at 

 altitudes of 1.000 to 1.500 feet formerly gave satisfactory rer-ults. but in recent years 

 bitter-rot has been serious in this portion of the regions. This disease, however, fan be 

 controlled by proper spraying. 

 Gano. 



The Gano apple is seldom found in these regions. From a limited observation it 

 appears probable that it will correspond quite closely to the Ben Davis in its adapta- 

 bility to conditions and in its general behavior in these regions. 

 Gilpin. Synonyms: Carthouse, Romanite, Little Red Roman ite. 



The Gilpin is a variety of minor importance, but is found occasionally in the older 

 orchards. In localities where drainage is not perfect, both soil and atmospheric, it 

 ; ' clouds *' badly. In locations in the middle Piedmont and Blue Ridge regions having 

 elevations of 1.200 to 1.300 feet on Porters clay and Porters black loam it gives satis- 

 factory results for the variety. It is an unusually long-keeping sort and is considered 

 excellent for cider making. 

 Gravenstein. 



The Gravenstein .is a variety widely grown in many section- of the country, more 

 especially in the North, but reported occasionally from Virginia and other southern 

 points. While not fully tested in these regions, it is promising for its season, which 

 in the central Piedmont region is during August. It is of value for cooking and for 

 dessert and is one of the comparatively early sons that is desirable for evaporating. 

 Grimes. Synonym: Grime* Golden. 



The occurrence of this variety is quite general throughout these regions, and though 

 not as yet grown extensively in many of the orchards, it is of recognized commercial 

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