VARIETIES OF APPLES. 47 



From observations made thus far it is apparent that the best results may be expected 

 on Porters clay at elevations of 1,200 to 1,500 feet in the middle sections of these regions 

 or in corresponding locations north and south. Wherever it has been found at the 

 higher altitudes in Virginia on the loose mountain soils, the fruit has usually been 

 rather small in size and of poorer dessert quality than at the lower points. 

 Yates. Synonyms: Yates Winter, Red Warrior. 



The Yates is a variety widely distributed ever much of the Piedmont region, though 

 seldom grown in commercial quantities except for small local markets. The tree 

 makes a healthy, thrifty growth, bearing regular and heavy crops. The fruit is small, 

 in size, rather unattractive in appearance, and not of high dessert quality, but even 

 when grown in the extreme southern portion of these regions it has long-keeping 

 qualities, frequently being kept until spring with no special care, and then, when 

 (here is little competition with other varieties, it is sold in local markets at very 

 profitable prices. For general market purposes, however, its small size makes it 

 undesirable. 



In the course of these studies this variety has been found doing especially well on 

 Cecil sandy loam in Bedford County, Ya., at about 1,000 feet elevation and in north- 

 east Georgia under the conditions mentioned under Tern-. Its productiveness and 

 long-keeping qualities in these sections make it considerably prized. 

 Yellow Bellflower. Synonym: Bellflower. 



This variety has been found in several orchards under quite widely different con- 

 ditions in the Virginia section of these regions, including both lowland and mountain 

 locations. There is nothing to recommend it in any of these situations so far as 

 observed. As a rule it is unproductive, and the fruit which reaches maturity is rela- 

 tively small and inferior in nearly every particular. 



Yellow Newtown. Synonyms: Albemarle Pippin, Newtown Pippin, New York Pip- 

 pin, Virginia Pippin. 



In these regions the synonym first mentioned is the name by which this variety is 

 universally known, though the leading varietal name, according to the rules of the 

 American Pomological Society, is as indicated. It is one of the few prominent com- 

 mercial varieties of these regions, Winesap, York Imperial, and Ben Davis being the 

 others of most importance. It is grown to some extent the entire length of the Blue 

 Pddge region, but more extensively in Virginia and Xorth Carolina than at points 

 farther south. While it ranks as one of the leading commercial sorts of these regions 

 and doubtless bears a more flattering reputation than any other one, there are com- 

 paratively few growers who consider it as profitable as some of the other varieties, 

 and it is being planted extensively at present only in a few rather restricted sections. 

 The greatest possibilities of the variety can be realized only when it is grown under 

 the best cultural conditions. As better methods of orchard management are adopted 

 in these regions, it is possible that it will increase in commercial importance in the 

 future for planting in locations to which it is especially adapted, because of the high 

 favor in which the fruit is regarded both for export and domestic markets and the 

 relatively high prices which it generally brings. 



The tree makes a slow growth and under usual methods of culture in these regions 

 is late in coming into bearing. It seldom produces crops that are of commercial value 

 before it is 12 years old, and in the experience of many growers not until it is 18 or 20 

 years old. It is unusual for the trees to bear any fruit of commercial consequence 

 more frequently than every other year, and many orchards do not produce crops 

 oftener than every three or four years, and even less often in numerous cases. The 

 orchards which are given the best cultivation are as a rule the ones which bear the 

 most regularly and abundantly and are relatively the most profitable. The tree is 

 quite subject to twig-blight in comparison with many other varieties, and bitter-rot 

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