54 ORCHARD FRUITS IN VIRGINIA AND OTHER STATES. 



different. The fruit is subject to several fungous diseases and does not develop 

 properly, being small and inferior in every way to that from the higher altitudes. 



In western North Carolina on soil similar to Cecil sandy loam, with 2,000 feet eleva- 

 tion, very pleasing results are also reported. But at the lower levels toward the south- 

 ern extremity of the Piedmont region, the experience of the growers is similar to that 

 of the growers in the upper Piedmont and indicates that this variety is not well adapted 

 to this section. The fruit does not develop to a satisfactory size and in appearance is 

 similar to that grown farther north on the heavier soils at similar distances from the 

 mountains. 

 Bishop. Synonym: Bishop's Early. 



The only location from which this variety has been reported is in Bedford County, 

 Va., on a red clay soil similar to, if not identical with, Porters clay, at an elevation of 

 about 1,200 feet. It is claimed to be satisfactory. The good reputation which it has 

 made at corresponding elevations in the Allegheny Mountains on a red shale soil, 

 together with its behavior as above mentioned, indicates a considerable range in its 

 adaptability to soil conditions. In the central Piedmont region ripening would prob- 

 ably occur from the middle to the last of July. 

 Carman. 



This is one of the more recent introductions which is promising in many locations. 

 In the friable red clay loam and sandy loam of northeastern Georgia and western South 

 Carolina, with elevations ranging from 1,000 to 1,700 feet, this is considered one of the 

 most important varieties. In Albemarle County, Va., under conditions favorable to 

 Bilyeu, it is very fine, but in this same locality on Cecil clay at 900 feet elevation it is 

 said to rot badly and to advance rapidly from a condition which is too immature for 

 picking to one which is too soft for shipping. In the above-mentioned county, at 900 

 feet elevation, its season extends from July 15 to July 25. In central Georgia it is 

 nearly a month earlier. 

 Champion. 



Only a small number of growers in these regions have had experience with this 

 variety, but two having mentioned it. These have trees located on Porters sand at 

 about 1,200 feet elevation in Albemarle County, Va., and Cecil sandy loam at 1,000 

 feet in Bedford County. In each case the results indicate that the Champion has con- 

 siderable merit for these conditions. It is reported to endure severe climatic condi- 

 tions in a sufficient degree to produce good crops of fruit when most other varieties 

 have failed to do so under the same conditions. In the central Piedmont sections 

 ripening would probably occur from the last of July to early August. 

 Chinese Cling. 



The distribution of the Chinese Cling is more general than most varieties. As a rule 

 it is proving fairly well adapted to the conditions prevailing in the Piedmont region 

 and on the lower slopes of the mountains. In Albemarle County, Va., however, the 

 difference in its behavior on the lowland and on the mountain slopes is as marked as 

 with Carman. In the former location this variety is said to decay seriously, while on 

 the mountain slopes only a short distance from the Piedmont orchard in which serious 

 decaying occurs it is giving good results and is considered a standard sort. Cecil 

 sandy loam at 1,000 feet altitude, a similar type at 2,000 feet in North Carolina, and a 

 friable red clay loam in northeast Georgia having about 1,500 feet elevation are other 

 combinations of conditions to which it seems well adapted. On a clay loam at 1,000 

 feet elevation in South Carolina, it is inclined to decay badly. In the Piedmont 

 region ripening occurs from the last of July to the middle of August, the exact time 

 depending upon elevation and other conditions. 

 Connett. Synonyms: Southern Early, ConneWs Southern Early. 



Few of the growers have had experience with this variety. It has been reported, 

 however, as doing exceptionally well under three diverse combinations of conditions. 

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