82 



III. Isochinoline-group 1 ). — 



(/) Morphine chloride. All fungi throve even in a 3.5 o/ solution 

 with spore-formation. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium glaucum could 

 bear more than 4 o/ . This salt 2 ) seems to be the weakest among the 

 alkaloids used in my cultures. 



(g) Codeine chloride. Penicillium glaucum, Aspergillus niger, and 

 Botrytis cinerea developed in solutions of 3 o/ and stronger. It seems to 

 me that the poisonous action of this salt upon these fungi is relatively weak. 



The culture-solutions containing alkaloids generally have more nourish- 

 ing value than the control-solution, and this appears to be due, when we 

 look at the result obtained by Lutz 3 ), to the nutritious property of the 

 alkaloids which in the presence of mineral substances may serve as a 

 source of nitrogen. But it can not be denied that the alkaloids in certain 

 conditions may act as a stimulus which tends to cause an unusual 

 luxuriance of growth. We are at present far from judging these questions. 



Again the concentration of media caused the diminution of the length 

 as well as the thickness of conidiophores [Penicillium glaucum, Aspergillus 

 niger, Botrytis cinerea) and sporangiophores (JSIueor stolonifer), as I have 

 seen in the cultures of inorganic salts*). As soon as the conidia or 

 sporangia formation was reduced they were always replaced by the chlamy- 

 dospores, and when there occurred neither conidia nor sporangia the sub- 

 merged hyplwe were charged with numerous chlamydospores. 



Conclusions. 



1. The moulds generally grow better in the solutions which contain 

 alkaloids than in the normal control-solution. 



2. The formation of chlamydospores is of the commonest occurrence 

 in the solutions of stronger concentrations. 



3. The more the quantity of alkaloids in a culture-medium increases, 

 the shorter and thinner become the conidiophores and sporangiophores. 



4. If the optimum concentration for fungus-vegetation be surpassed, 

 the conidia or sporangia formation is entirely suppressed. 



1 ) V. v. Kichter. loc. cit. p. 620. 



2 ) Compare O. Loew. Ein natiirliches System der Giftwirkungen. Miinchen 1893. 

 p. 88. and Th. Bokokny. Vergleichende Studien iiber die Giftwirkung verschiedener 

 chemischer Substanzen bei Algen und Infusorien. Pfliig. Arch. 1896. Bd. LXIV*. p. 302. 



s ) M. L. Lutz. Becherches sur la nutrition des v£getaux. Ann. d. Sc. nat. Bot. 

 189S. Ser. VIII, T. 7. p. 54-64. 

 *) A. Yasuda. loc. cit. 



