On elm, poplar, willow, witch-hazel, hickory, oak, chestnut, etc. 
ae Gre eee eee Homoptera, Aphididae, Phylloxeridae 
OP COMMEIS( 2 hu 15- hee ote es Sees Homoptera, Phylloxeridae 
Exposed insects on the leaves: 
Scalelike, gall-like, or soft grublike insects covered with wax in the 
form of powder or tufts ................ Homoptera, Coccidae 
Fringed, scalelike immature forms associated on the leaves with white 
four-winged “thes” 2.2... se 5ns005> Homoptera, Aleyrodidae 
Soft-bodied insects with long conspicuous antennae . Homoptera, Ap- 
hididae 
33. Insects surrounded by a conspicuous frothy mass of spittle: 
Ends of branches and trees slowly dying in severe infestations, numer- 
ous small resin-soaked spots in inner bark and twig wood: pines 
ee eee re a eee ea ae Homoptera, Cercopidae 
Injury consisting of ragged slits in the twigs, often breaking at incision: 
the tops of the branches hanging with withered leaves; hardwoods 
pevindee cOrre te eee hee ree Homoptera. Cicadidae, Membracidae 
Injury consisting of gall-like or gouty swelling on limbs and twigs of firs 
re ar ee a ee eS ere eee Homoptera, Phylloxeridae 
Tips of hard pines flagged (needles yellowing); scales embedded in pits in 
DAU Ge oe seer ein ee ee ee Homoptera. Coccidae 
Branches and twigs infested with scalelike, gall-like, or soft-bodied 
insects covered with waxy powder or tufts; twigs often dying ...... 
Homoptera, Coccidae 
Tips of branches swollen forming pineapplelike galls .............. 
Homoptera, Phylloxeridae 
Tips of new growth withering, infested with numerous soft-bodied insects 
with prominent antennae ................ Homoptera, Aphididae 
34. Fir trees unhealthy and dying; trunks infested with masses of soft-bodied 
insects appearing as a whitish wool .... Homoptera, Phylloxeridae 
Beech trees unhealthy and slowly dying, with dead areas of bark on stems 
covered with whitish masses of soft-bodied insects .... Homoptera, 
Margarodidae 
Trees infested with scalelike, gall-like, or soft grublike insects, and 
covered with wax in the form of powder or tufts ...... Homoptera, 
Coccidae 
Division III 
Insects Injurious to Forest Products 
This group includes insects causing the type of injury seen in the handling of 
forest products, i.e., logs and lumber, poles, posts, piling, and manufactured 
materials such as handles, gun stocks, stored wood, and wood in buildings. Certain | 
types of damage found in green logs or freshly sawed lumber are the result of insects | 
boring in the phloem or wood of the living tree. These are also treated here for | 
convenience. They are usually distinguishable by the more or less stained condition | 
of the surrounding wood, pitch infiltration, or the presence of scar (callous) tissue. | 
Defects occurring in the wood of green logs or lumber, revealed as the logs are | 
sawed, usually as darkly stained, pitch-infiltrated wood, or scar (callous) 
CISSUC 2. a sek eo weet ee oad PRS bee Seat ae ee ee A 
