Injury occuring to material having the bark present (lumber excepted), such as 
round logs after the trees are felled and left either in the woods or at the 
mul On OSSeUmIZed fOr mMIStIC WORK CLC. f2Binc we ote bn. ea. 
Injury to freshly sawed lumber, seasoned lumber, stored and manufactured 
matenalsmOmWOOdmmMyDUNGINGS Wo. ava eee eee ee ee ae 
Injury to materials in contact with the ground, such as crossties, posts, poles, 
foundation materials, pilmg above’ water, etc: ....2 0... ek eee. 
Defectsam wood in-salt and brackish water... 0. 5.22.00... eee cae 
A. Defects in Green Timber 
IP U TIME ARCO OU Sez ces chore heca ee mo ayo Gag abo ccs ane atabee Giapatle me klel aher tye @lanie4, a 4 
ICOMBICTS MR iis atten rte a es Ta er ay ols w ole Wclutacdad & & Hae cw wha a 
2. Holes small, “pinholes,’’ 6 mm or less in cross section; circular, open, 
imemanever filled: with boring dust =~... eles... eee ee ee ed 
Holes larger, ““grub holes,” up to 19 mm in diameter, usually oval in cross 
section, usually open, not filled with boring dust ................ 
Pith flecks in wood; birch, maple, etc. ....... Diptera, Agromyzidae 
3. Pinholes, about 3 mm in size, of uniform diameter throughout, wood 
stained in streaks, in oaks and yellow-poplar Coleoptera, Scolytidae 
Holes tapering, several sizes grouped together and originating in a 
wound: 
Holes up to 6 mm in diameter, in American chestnut and chinkapin 
MPM er ests NE wis Case ena Coleoptera, Lymexylonidae 
Holes up to 3 mm in diameter, in oak and other woods ... Coleoptera, 
Brentidae 
4. Variable-size holes grouped and radiating from wounds or cavities .... 
Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae, Brentidae 
Large grub holes, up to 25 mm in diameter, usually appearing singly and 
not associated with wounds: | 
In hickory ... Coleoptera, Cerambycidae Lepidoptera, Cossidae 
In poplar and cottonwood... Coleoptera, Cerambycidae Lepidop- 
tera, Cossidae, Sesiidae 
In maple .... Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae Lepidop- 
tera, Cossidae, Sesiidae 
MRS lala tee ede eh fete wiartaara has te SHI doit Lepidoptera, Sesiidae 
IMPS ESIMAMION: . ie 5: ce Ne lo. Lepidoptera, Sesiidae 
In locust ..... Lepidoptera, Cossidae Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
5. Pitch pockets in the wood... Lepidoptera, Sesiidae, Pyralidae Coleop- 
tera, Scolytidae 
Holes filled with boring dust, associated with turpentine faces or fire 
scars: 
nthe SOUL APINES. "2 diab eck ete be Coleoptera, Buprestidae 
In the North, pines or other conifers .... Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, 
Buprestidae 
B. Insects in Round Logs 
6. Sawdust exuding from small, round ‘pinholes’ (2.5 mm or less in 
diameter) on the surface of the bark; wood usually stained around the 
NOG: se, sk Sate nian Coleoptera, Scolytidae 
MM NO 
41 
