Sawdust exuding from larger holes; larvae present under the bark or in 
WOOG Fxg done shatter he et ae eee oe Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
Sawdust not exuded; the only evidence of work is the presence of larvae or 
galleries under bark or in the wood: 
Larvae elongate, cylindrical ........... Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
Earvae flat-headed:< 24:1. 65i-.+eda48 ess Coleoptera, Buprestidae 
Larvae curved, legless; only one larva to a burrow ... Coleoptera, 
Curculionidae 
Larvae curved, legless: several larvae in a burrow, each usually sepa- 
rated by a pith or clay partition across the gallery ... Hymenoptera, 
Sphecidae, Vespidae, Apidae 
Larvae and bark beetles associate ......... Coleoptera, Scolytidae 
C. Insects in Lumber 
7. Fine sawdust exuding from small “pinholes” (less than 2.5 mm in 
diameter) in green lumber; holes usually darkly stained .. Coleoptera, 
Scolytidae 
Sawdust, if exuding, coming from larger holes in drier lumber, cut a 
DEOMI OT ORS Satlerd pases Be: «ake ed ee ae 7 ewat ene eer eines tae arate waar 
8. Damage to lumber with bark present: 
Larvae ClO ANS x8 uke mi. Se GAs ee Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
Ary ae CUIVCU 2671.2 on nearness Sala Coleoptera, Bostrichidae 
Damage not associated with presence of bark on material ........... 
9. Fine sawdust exuding from circular or oval holes: 
Siiall.. CuEvee Iainae =. dete dye eee ne Coleoptera, Lyctidae 
Ploneste larvae «3.2. eect eee eee Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
Large, black ants associated with damage; sawdust accumulating in large 
pilés from.damp wood ...n~ ere ceesse Hymenoptera, Formicidae 
Damage concealed and sawdust usually not falling from holes ....... 
10. Larval tunnels packed with sawdust: 
Larvae elongate scylundricalies..oc 259% « Coleoptera, Cerambycidae 
Larvae elongate, flat-headed ............ Coleoptera, Buprestidae 
Tunnnels open: 
Irregular cavities following the grain of the wood loosely filled with 
fie ammpressed Peels) .2 91.4 As de oh ogee oes oe 3 ee Isoptera 
Round holes 12 mm or less in diameter, often with cross partitions or 
COS. b.1.0:5-3 au anete of Hymenoptera, Apidae, Vespidae, Sphecidae 
D. Insects in Wood in Ground 
11. Large, elongate larvae associated with damage consisting of grub holes 
extending through the wood............ Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, 
Oedemeridae 
Large irregular cavities eaten in the springwood, usually extending with 
the grain of the wood; sides of cavities plastered with claylike excre- 
ACI Weides eee sae ome ene he Aas eae cee oa s [soptera 
Large. irregular cavities eaten into wood, usually cutting across grain, 
surfaces smooth, no excrement, large piles of sawdust accumulating 
outside; large. black ants associated with injury in moist or damp 
WOOR. exis gne teehee Begs sales wen Penn Se Hymenoptera, Formicidae 
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