Taedia gleditsiae (Knight) (/28/). D. chlorionis has damaged and defoliated 
honeylocust in Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ver- 
mont, and Wisconsin. It 1s widely distributed from Quebec and Ontario to South 
Carolina, Mississippi, Texas, and in the North, west to Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa, 
and also California. 
Plagiognathus albatus (Van Duzee), the sycamore plant bug, is the cause of 
unique injury to Platanus spp. over much of eastern North America. Small holes 
appear at feeding sites, giving the appearance of shotholes caused by defoliators, 
hail, or bacterial leaf spot (/280). 
Family Coreidae 
Coreid Bugs 
This is a large family of relatively large bugs, some members of which have the 
legs flattened and leaflike. They are similar to the lygaeids but differ in having 
numerous veins in the membrane of the hemelytra. 
The leaffooted pine seed bug, Lepfoglossus corculus (Say), occurs throughout 
the Eastern United States and is a major pest in southern pine seed orchards (286, 
360). Hosts include loblolly, shortleaf, slash, longleaf, Virginia, eastern white, 
pitch, Table Mountain, and spruce pines. Other pine species, native or introduced, 
grown in this region are also likely hosts. The large, conspicuous adults take flight 
with a loud buzzing sound when disturbed. Both adults and nymphs are reddish- 
brown to gray and have long legs. Adults are 15 to 18 mm in length, with a white 
zigzag line across the wings and flattened, leaflike hind tibiae. The cylindrical eggs 
are 2 mm long and about | mm in diameter. They are cream colored when first laid, 
but turn dark reddish-brown as the embryo develops. Usually about 20 eggs are laid 
end to end in a line along a single needle. There are several generations each year in 
the South. Nymphs and adults have piercing-sucking mouth parts that they insert 
into the conelets or cones to penetrate the developing ovules and seeds. Attacked 
cones show no external damage symptoms. In early stages, nymphs feed upon the 
needles and conelets. Second-stage nymphs destroy ovules in conelets, and exten- 
sive ovule destruction causes conelet abortion (289). Third- , fourth- , and fifth- 
stage nymphs and adults feed primarily upon seeds within cones. Some seeds 
damaged in late summer and fall can be detected on radiographs (287). However, in 
seed orchards, losses are also reflected by poor survival of conelet crops, high 
numbers of empty seeds, poor seed viability, and low yields of sound seeds per 
cone. 
A related species, L. occidentalis Heidemann, a serious pest of Douglas-fir seed 
in California (685), has been observed feeding on the needles and green cones of 
Austrian pine in Missouri. 
Family Rhopalidae 
Rhopalid Bugs 
The boxelder bug, Leptocoris trivittatus (Say), often becomes a pest wherever 
boxelder is grown as a shade tree in the United States and Canada. In heavily 
infested areas, it will feed on ash and maple. Adults (fig. 19) are somewhat 
flattened, brownish black on top and about 12 mm long. There are also three red, 
longitudinal stripes on the thorax, the margins of the basal half of the wings are red, 
and the abdomen is bright red. Nymphs are wingless but possess wing pads and are 
dark toward the head. They have bright-red abdomens. 
The winter is spent in the adult stage in dry, sheltered places, such as the attics of 
houses. During warm winter days, adults become active and come out of hiding, 
only to retreat again when it turns cold. During the spring, they emerge and fly to 
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