Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and 
Virginia. The host range is extensive, including many common ornamentals; in 
Maryland it is often found on dogwood, maple, the ornamental star magnolia, and 
ornamental fruit trees, and is rarely reported in natural habitats. The mature calico 
scale is globular and has irregular white patches on a dark-brown background. As 
the scale ages, the white patches disappear. 
The calico scale in Maryland has one generation per year and overwinters as 
second instars on the bark of the host.° In early spring, second instars begin to feed, 
molt twice, and develop into globular adults. In late spring and early summer, eggs 
are laid. During June, first instars appear on the undersides of leaves. In late 
summer and early fall, the crawlers molt to second instars and move from the leaves 
to the stems and trunks where they overwinter. Adult males have not been observed 
in Maryland. The calico scale normally does not kill trees, but produces large 
amounts of honeydew, giving the host an unsightly appearance. Two chalcidoid 
wasps have been reported associated with this scale. 
Eulecanium (= Lecanium) caryae (Fitch), the large hickory lecanium, is 
known primarily in the Northern States from Maine to Virginia and west to Kansas; 
the species is also reported from Mississippi. The large hickory lecanium is 
polyphagous, being found on most trees in the eastern forests, including hickory, 
birch, elm, beech, walnut, oak, and mulberry. This scale is found in native habitats 
and ornamental plantings. Adult females are unusually large, sometimes reaching 
15 mm in length. The body is normally flat and uniformly brown or orange-brown 
and is covered with a white bloom. 
The large hickory lecanium has one generation per year in Michigan (/24/) and 
overwinters as immatures. Adult females lay over 100 eggs. Hatching occurs in the 
summer and first instars feed on the undersides of leaves. In late summer the 
immatures move from the leaves to the stems, where they overwinter (/3/0). On 
elm this species tends to infest medium-size branches.° The large hickory lecanium 
is normally not an economic pest but is a common inhabitant of eastern forests. 
Three species of chalcidoid wasps are reported as associated with this scale insect. 
The terrapin scale, Mesolecanium (= Lecanium) nigrofasciatum (Pergande), 1s 
probably native to North America. In the Eastern United States, it is known from 
every State except New Hampshire and Vermont. The species is polyphagous, and 
is commonly found on maple, sycamore, and fruit trees in natural habitats and 
ornamental plantings. Fully developed adult females are hemispherical and are dark 
reddish-brown with many radiating bands extending from the center of the dorsum 
to the raised edge of the body. 
In Virginia, the terrapin scale has one generation per year and overwinters as 
adult females (73/0). In early spring, first instars are produced and remain under 
the body of the adult for 1 to 3 days before moving to the undersides of leaves. In 
about 18 days, first instars molt to second instars that molt to adult females in a 
similar period of time. In the fall, adult females move from leaves to twigs where 
they overwinter. Males are usually common in early summer. The terrapin scale has 
been reported as a serious pest in fruit tree orchards. It is commonly encountered on 
forest and shade trees and produces large amounts of honeydew. Over 30 natural 
enemies have been recorded as associated with this scale, including chalcidoid 
wasps, lady beetles, green and brown lacewings, a pyralid moth, and fungi. 
> Stoetzel, M. B. (personal communication). USDA ARS Syst. Entomol. Lab., Beltsville, Md. 
® Weidhaas, J. A. (personal communication). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacks- 
burg, Va. 
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