The boxelder leafroller, Caloptilia negundella (Chambers), occurs throughout 
eastern America west to the Prairie Provinces of Canada and feeds on boxelder. 
Early instars feed within mines in the leaves. A partly grown larva vacates its mine 
and moves to the tip of a lobe of the leaf, which it then turns over and attaches to the 
lower surface with silk, thus forming a shelter. It then feeds from within the shelter. 
There appears to be at least two generations per year as far north as Canada. 
Heavily infested trees may be seriously damaged. 
Caloptilia sassafrasella Chambers, the sassafras leafminer, feeds on the leaves 
of sassafras. The larvae feed first within mines. Later, they vacate their mines, 
move to nearby leaves, bend their tips over, and feed from inside the folds. Mature 
larvae vacate these folds and form split, capsulelike cases on the undersides of other 
leaves in which to pupate. The azalea leafminer, C. azaleella Brants, larva bends 
the tips of azalea leaves downward and feeds from inside the folds. Injured leaves 
wilt and die. C. packardella (Chambers) larvae mine the undersides of sugar and 
Norway maple leaves in the early instars. Older larvae feed on the surface of the 
leaves. Other eastern species of the genus and their hosts include C. bimaculatella 
(Ely) on maple, C. stigmatella (F.) on poplar and willow, C. quercinigrella (Ely) on 
oak, and C. pulchella (Chambers) on yellow birch and alder. 
Family Oecophoridae 
Oecophorids 
This family contains a large number of moderately small moths, only a few of 
which are ever very injurious to trees in the Eastern United States. The larvae of 
most species roll, tie, or web together the leaves on which they feed. A revision of 
the family is available (2/5). 
Machimia tentoriferella Clemens, occurs rather commonly in the Northeastern 
States and southeastern Canada. Its hosts are various hardwoods such as birch, ash, 
maple, oak, honeylocust, mountain-ash, hickory, elm, and pin cherry. The adult is 
light ochreous and has a wingspread of 18 to 20 mm. The forewing is dusted with 
black and marked with two black discal dots, a spot of black in the fold, a broken 
postmedial line parallel to the outer margin, and a series of black terminal dots. The 
larva is green and has a large head and tapering body. It lives and feeds inside a 
folded leaf. 
Psilocorsis cryptolechiella (Chambers) occurs in eastern Canada and the North- 
eastern States. The larva feeds principally as a leaftier on American beech. Other 
hosts include the birches, maple, and red oak. The biology in Nova Scotia is 
discussed (38/). 
Full-grown larvae have reddish-brown heads, pale-green bodies, and are about 12 
mm long. Eggs are laid singly on the undersides of leaves. During the first three 
instars, the larvae feed together and skeletonize the leaves near the veins. Older 
larvae usually feed singly from within the silken tubes they spin. Full-grown larvae 
drop to the ground and crawl under fallen leaves, where they pupate and overwinter. 
P. reflexella Clemens and P. quercicella Clemens occur on oaks in the Eastern 
States. P. reflexella has been observed feeding on quaking aspen in eastern Canada. 
It probably occurs in the Northeastern States also. 
Other tree-infesting species of oecophorids and their hosts in the Eastern United 
States are Agonopterix pteleae Barnes & Busck on the common hoptree, A. 
robiniella (Packard) on black locust, A. argillacea (Walsingham) on willow, A. 
nigrinotella (Busck) on prickly-ash, Bibarrambla allenella (Walsingham) on white 
birch and oaks, and Nites betulella (Busck) on white birch and hophornbeam. 
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