F-50674 
Figure 61.—Pupae of the large aspen tortrix, 
Choristoneura conflictana, in webbed leaves. 
nurseries (/088). Seedlings most seriously affected were those of eastern white, 
Scotch, and red pines. The infestation is believed to have resulted from an invasion 
of the nursery by larvae developing on weeds or other vegetation surrounding the 
nursery. The adult is reddish brown and has a wingspread of about 25 mm. The 
forewings are marked with three dark-brown, oblique bands. Full-grown larvae are 
greenish and about 9 mm long. 
Winter is spent as young larvae in tightly woven cases under bud scales or loose 
bark, or between leaves. The following spring the larvae feed first on the surface of 
unfolding leaves. Later, each larva ties two or more leaves together with silk and 
feeds from within the case. Adults may appear as early as June, and there may be 
two generations per year, depending on location. 
Choristoneura fractivittana (Clemens) feeds on sugar maple, beech, paper birch, 
red maple, elm, and red oak in southern Canada and from Massachusetts to 
Wisconsin and Colorado. It 1s sometimes mistaken for C. rosaceana. 
Cudonigera houstonana (Grote) attacks various species of Juniperus, especially 
eastern redcedar, and is a pest in windbreak and ornamental plantings in western 
Kansas (554). 
The redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), occurs in southern 
Canada, mostly in the southeastern part, and throughout the Eastern United States, 
westward to lowa, Missouri, and Texas. In Canada and Maine it occurs commonly 
on various conifers, especially white, red, and black spruces, balsam fir, and larch. 
In the United States, !t occurs on a wide variety of deciduous trees. Damage is often 
serious in apple orchards. The adult has a wingspread of about 14 mm. The 
forewing is marked with a band that widens as it runs from the middle of the costa 
to the outer third of the inner margin. Full-grown larvae are pale green and about 16 
mm long. Winter is spent in the pupal stage among leaves and debris on the ground, 
and there may be three or four generations per year. A granulosis virus disease that 
tends to retard larval development has been reported in Virginia. Eggs are some- 
times heavily parasitized by Trichogramma minutum Riley. 
The pine tube moth, A. pinatubana (Kearfott), feeds on various pines, mostly 
eastern white pine, in southern Canada, the Northeastern States, Florida, and 
Louisiana. The adult is small, slender, and grayish; it has a wingspread of about 14 
mm. The forewings have broad, orange to reddish-ochreous patches and are crossed 
by two whitish, oblique lines; the hindwings are smoky; and the abdomen is gray, 
blackish, or mouse colored with ochreous, apical tufts. Full-grown larvae are 12 
mm long. 
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