to the development of maple blight, a condition leading to the deterioration and 
death of sugar maples and saplings (483). A. logiana (L.) skeletonizes the leaves of 
paper and river birches. Larvae are dull green, with the head, cervical shield, and 
front legs black; they have black warts on the prothorax. They usually feed singly 
inside folded leaves. Sometimes they are found between two leaves folded together. 
A. tripunctana (Hubner) feeds on paper birch. 
Aphelia alleniana (Fernald) normally feeds on weeds and clovers, but may also 
attack and injure small seedlings in coniferous plantations. Seedling losses have 
been severe in the Lake States and southern Canada. The larvae tie the shoots of the 
seedlings together and feed from within the sheath on the stems and new needles 
during May and June. Injured seedlings become twisted and deformed. Winter is 
spent in the larval stage, and there is one generation per year. 
Xenotemna pallorana (Robinson) also normally feeds on weeds and clover, but it 
also occasionally damages seedlings in young coniferous plantations in the Lake 
States and southern Canada. It is widely distributed in the Eastern United States, 
occurring from New England to the Lake States, Missouri, and Texas. The larvae 
pull the young shoots of seedlings together, fastening them with loose silk. Then, 
they feed on the young needles and tunnel into the shoot. Heavy damage to young 
eastern white, red, jack, and Scotch pines has been recorded during May and June 
in Michigan. There are two generations per year in Ontario. Winter is spent as 
larvae in hibernacula spun within folded leaves (8/8). 
Family Cochylidae 
Cochylids 
The moths of this family resemble those of the subfamilies Olethreutinae and 
Tortricinae. Only one eastern species 1s worthy of mention. 
Aethes rutilana (Hubner) is an introduced species first recorded in this country in 
1878. Its present distribution seems to be limited to southern Canada and from New 
England to New Jersey and Indiana. Its host plants are various junipers, especially 
common juniper on which it is often abundant. The adult is yellowish and has a 
wingspread of about 10 mm. There are red markings on the head, thorax, and 
forewings, those on the wings occurring as four broad crossbands. The larvae spin 
webs on the foliage, tying the needles together and forming tubes in which they live 
and feed. Pupation takes place on the tree in the webbing. The foliage of heavily 
infested trees may turn brown. 
Family Hesperiidae 
Skippers 
Members of this family are commonly known as skippers because of the way the 
adults flit or dart from place to place. They are distinguished by the head that is 
nearly as wide or wider than the thorax, and the antennal club that usually ends in a 
recurved hooklike apiculus. The larvae usually have large heads and strongly 
constricted necks. They are also usually solitary, each one concealing itself under 
part of a leaf that it cuts and folds over. 
The silverspotted skipper, Epargyreus clarus (Cramer), one of the largest 
species in the family, is widely distributed throughout the United States and 
southern Canada, and the larvae feed on black locust and wisteria. Adults are brown 
except for yellow and white triangular spots on the forewings. The forewings are 
elongate, and the hindwings have rounded tips. Full-grown larvae are nearly 50 mm 
long. The body is leaf-green, the head dull red except for two yellow spots on the 
lower part of the face, the neck and sides of the first thoracic segment are red, and 
the cervical shield is black. The body is also marked with dark rings. 
172 
