Itame pustularia Guenee occurs on red maple from eastern Canada to Florida. It 
is occasionally abundant. It has been reported from widely scattered localities in 
southern Canada, and high populations have occurred in the areas of central New 
Brunswick that were repeatedly sprayed for control of spruce budworm (/234). The 
adult has a wingspread of about 25 mm and Is pure white except for four brownish 
spots on the margin of the forewing. The light-green eggs are laid singly on bark, 
lichens, or in litter. Eggs overwinter and larvae hatch in early spring. Young larvae 
are light green and closely resemble other geometrids, especially cankerworms and 
Bruce spanworm. Older larvae have two whitish lines down the back, bordered by 
yellowish-white lines; the integument is quite wrinkled. Before pupating, larvae 
change color from green to pink. Larvae are present during May and June. 
Semiothisa signaria dispuncta (Walker), the spruce-fir looper, feeds on the 
foliage of various conifers such as eastern white pine, spruce, balsam fir, and 
hemlock. It has a transcontinental range. Full-grown larvae are about 20 mm long. 
The body is light green with brownish tinges on top, and there are two light 
longitudinal lines on the back. S. granitata (Guenée) feeds on Virginia pine and 
probably pitch pine in the Eastern States from southern Maine and Ohio to the 
Carolinas. S. ocellinata (Guenée) occurs in southern Ontario and the Northeastern 
and Lake States and feeds on honeylocust and black locust. Full-grown larvae are 
light yellow-green to green except for faint, wavy red lines and are about 25 mm 
long. S. bisignata (Walker) occurs in southern Canada and the Northeastern States 
and feeds principally on eastern white pine. S. sexmaculata (Packard), the green 
larch looper, a widely distributed species, feeds on larch. These species of 
Semiothisa overwinter as pupae in the duff. Eggs are laid singly on host foliage 
throughout the growing season (782). 
Eufidonia notataria (Walker) occurs on eastern white pine in the Atlantic Coast 
States. In southern Canada, it has been observed mainly on tamarack, eastern 
hemlock, balsam fir, and spruce. Full-grown larvae are dark green and about 25 mm 
long. They have a light-colored line on the dorsum, two stripes along each side, and 
fine brown markings in herringbone pattern on lobes. Larvae are present from July 
to September, and winter is spent in the pupal stage. The russet-brown eggs are laid 
singly or in clusters in leaf axils and at forks of branches of recent growth (783). 
Melanolophia canadaria (Guenée) feeds on the foliage of various deciduous 
plants such as basswood, birch, ash, willow, larch, and a few shrubs in the United 
States and Canada. Full-grown larvae are 20 to 25 mm long. The body is yellow- 
green and has a broken, purplish line on the top and yellowish stripes suffused with 
purplish red on each side. Larvae are present from June to early August, and they 
overwinter in the ground. 
Anacamptodes ephyraria (Walker) has been observed feeding on hemlock in the 
Northeastern States and on several hardwoods in Canada and Northeastern States 
south to Texas and Florida (753). Full-grown larvae are greenish or light gray to 
reddish-brown with a brown herringbone pattern on lobes, and are about 25 mm 
long. The head is bilobed and wider than the thorax, and the second abdominal 
segment is usually swollen at the sides. Winter is spent as a pupa. A. pergracilis 
(Hulst) feeds on baldcypress in the South (fig. 76). During a 1980-81 outbreak in 
Florida, trees on 24,000 hectares were defoliated. This species may have as many 
as Six generations a year. In winter, when normal baldcypress 1s leafless, larvae feed 
on previously defoliated trees which have reflushed. The overwintering form is 
unknown. Light-green eggs are deposited under the bark of the stem primarily in 
the upper branches. Pupation occurs under bark or in epiphytic bromeliads (fig. 
19] 
