bodies, and are about 37 mm long. The body also has seven dark-green lines 
running its entire length, two prominent, slender horns on the second thoracic 
segment, two rows of short spines on each side of the body, and four larger spines 
on the terminal abdominal segments. 
Courtesy D. C. Allen, 
SUNY, Coll. Environ. Sci. & For. 
Figure 86.—The greenstriped mapleworm, Dryocampa 
rubicunda: A, male and female adults; B, fifth instar 
larva; C, egg cluster. 
There is one extended generation per year in the North and two in the South. 
Eggs (fig. 86C) are laid on the undersides of leaves during May and June and hatch 
in about 10 days. Larvae feed singly, devouring entire leaves, and become full 
grown in about a month. With two generations in the South, trees may be defoliated 
twice in the same season. Full-grown larvae crawl to the ground and form cells in 
the soil or duff where they pupate and spend the winter. 
Several species of parasites of the greenstriped mapleworm have been recorded, 
but never in any great abundance. Birds devour some of the larvae but are probably 
not very effective in population suppression (9, /327/). 
The regal moth, Citheronia regalis (F.), occurs throughout the Southern States, 
northward to Hlinois and Massachusetts. The larva, known as the hickory horned 
devil, feeds on a wide variety of plants, including many species of trees such as 
hickory, walnut, butternut, persimmon, sweetgum, sycamore, ash, and sourwood. 
Adults are quite large; males have wingspreads of 100 to 125 mm, and females, 125 
to 150 mm. The head and body are orange with pale-yellow markings; the fore- 
wings are olive-gray with reddish-brown veins and yellow spots and the hindwings 
are orange-red with somewhat redder veins. Full-grown larvae are 100 to 125 mm 
long and are startling to behold (fig. 87). 
Adults appear in June and larvae are present from July to September. Winter is 
spent in the pupal stage in the ground. In most of its range there is only one 
generation per year, but in the Deep South there may be a partial second. This 
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