Adults appear from late May to August, depending on locality. Eggs are laid in 
masses containing up to 100 each on the undersides of leaves. The larvae are 
gregarious. At first, they skeletonize the undersurfaces of the leaves. Later, they 
devour entire leaves except the midrib. During their feeding, they completely 
defoliate one branch before moving on to another. Mature larvae move to the 
ground and construct parchmentlike cocoons in the duff in which to spend the 
winter. There is one generation per year. 
Populations are often heavy in unsprayed appie orchards, along roadsides and 
fence rows, and on ornamentals. In light infestations or on ornamentals, it is often 
practicable to collect and destroy the colonies as soon as they are discovered. 
Three other eastern species of Schizura are sometimes common locally: the 
unicorn caterpillar, S. unicornis (J. E. Smith), S. leptinoides (Grote), and S. 
ipomoeae Doubleday. Each species feeds on a wide variety of hosts, such as apple, 
pin cherry, elm, quaking aspen, hickory, beech, paper birch, and willow. 
Gluphisia septentrionalis Walker occurs in southeastern Canada and the northern 
portions of the Eastern United States. It feeds on various poplars, especially 
quaking aspen. Full-grown larvae are pale green and about 37 mm long. The head 
has blackish stripes on each side; the body is largest in the middle, and is marked 
with pinkish to reddish blotches on the back and a yellow line along each side. 
Larvae are found from June to September, and winter is spent in cocoons on the 
ground. As arule, there is one generation per year, but in some localities there may 
be two. 
The genus Cerura 1s represented in eastern forests by C. borealis (Boisduval), C. 
occidentalis Lintner, C. cinerea Walker, and C. multiscripta canadensis McDun- 
nough. The first feeds on quaking aspen, willow, and black cherry; the last three on 
quaking aspen and willow. Notodonta simplaria Graef also feeds on quaking aspen 
and willow. Misogada unicolor (Packard) occurs on sycamore, and Hyparpax 
aurora (J. E. Smith) and H. perophoroides (Stecker) are found on oak. 
Family Arctiidae 
Tiger Moths and Allies 
This is a large family of stout-bodied moths with moderately broad wings. In 
general they are moderate in size and have broad heads and pectinate or ciliate 
antennae. Many species are marked with brightly colored spots and stripes. All are 
night fliers and are attracted to lights. They usually fold their wings rooflike upon 
the abdomen while at rest. The larvae of most species are clothed with dense 
clusters of hairs. In some species, certain of these clusters are larger and longer than 
others, causing the larvae to resemble those of the tussock moths in the family 
Lymantriidae. The hairs of certain species are irritating to humans. The majority of 
species prefer the foliage of low-growing plants, but a few feed on the foliage of 
trees and shrubs. 
The hickory tussock moth, Lophocampa caryae (Harris), occurs in southern 
Canada and south in the Eastern States to North Carolina. The larvae feed on the 
foliage of a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs including walnut, butternut, 
hickory, birch, elm, black locust, basswood, and quaking aspen. Walnut, butternut, 
and hickory appear to be preferred. Adults are light brown or buff, with numerous 
silvery-white spots on the forewings, and they have wingspreads of about 50 mm. 
Full-grown larvae are about 37 mm long. The body is clothed with short, spreading 
tufts of grayish-white hairs. There is a row of black tufts on the first eight 
abdominal segments and pairs of long, black, hair pencils on the first and seventh 
abdominal segments (fig. 97). 
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