Hadrobregmus notatus (Say) occurs in southeastern Canada and southward to 
North Carolina and Mississippi. It has been recorded feeding in dead oak branches 
in Ohio. Adults are dark reddish-brown and 3.2 to 4.3 mm long. Eucrada humeraiis 
(Melsheimer) larvae feed beneath the bark of dead oak and beech trees. It occurs 
from Quebec to Michigan in the North and southwestward and southeastward to 
Iowa and South Carolina. 
Many of the smaller anobiid species within the genera—Caenocara, Dor- 
catoma, and Tricorynus—feed on various plant seeds and fungi. Some species have 
been reported attacking stored pine cones or small tree branches. 
Family Lyctidae 
Powderpost Beetles 
This family contains 12 genera and more than 60 species worldwide. Each region 
has indigenous species plus established introduced species. In fact, many species 
have been widely distributed through commerce and they are considered cosmopol- 
itan. The taxonomy of the family has been revised and keys to identification are 
available to all 12 genera and to all 35 species reported from North America (47/). 
Adults are elongate, flattened, reddish brown to black, and 5 to 6 mm long. 
Unlike anobiids and bostrichids, the head is easily seen in dorsal view. The head is 
slightly deflected and constricted behind the eyes. The antennal club is two- 
segmented. Larvae are white and grublike; the body 1s C-shaped and enlarged at the 
thorax. The eighth spiracle on the abdomen is much larger than all the others; this 
characteristic distinguishes lyctid larvae from anobiid or bostrichid larvae. 
Beetles in the family Lyctidae probably have a greater capacity for destroying 
portions of seasoned wood in a shorter period of time than any other native beetle. 
In comparison with other beetles, females lay many eggs, larval populations are 
high, and the life cycle is short. Other biological characteristics, however, severely 
restrict the frequency of infestations and extent of damage. For wood to be 
susceptible to lyctid attack, it must have at least 3 percent starch and pores (vessels) 
large enough for the insertion of eggs; eggs are not laid on the surface of wood. 
These requirements usually restrict damage by lyctid beetles to the unfinished 
sapwood portions of hardwoods, although heartwood of some wood species may be 
attacked also. Lyctid beetles are primarily problems of firms that produce, process, 
or sell hardwood products. Wood loses starch through respiration after tree felling, 
and infestations are rare in wood that has been in service more than 4 to 5 years 
(131, 471). The frequency of infestations and the sum of damages are largely 
dependent upon hardwood species utilization and storage and processing pro- 
cedures. In general, the likelihood of attack and the extent of damage are propor- 
tional to the amount of sapwood, the starch content, and the length of storage for 
unfinished hardwoods. 
The wood of ring-porous species is more susceptible to attack than that of 
diffuse-porous species. Highly susceptible native woods include ash, white oak, 
pecan, and hickory. Other susceptible native hardwoods include cherry, elm, 
persimmon, sycamore, walnut, and many others. Many of the lighter colored, low 
density tropical hardwoods are highly susceptible to lyctid attack, e.g., banak 
(Virola spp.), luaun/meranti (Shorea spp.), and obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. 
Schum. ). Information on the identification, uses, and insect resistance of native and 
imported woods is available (/00, 136, 300). 
Lyctid beetles do not infest domestic hardwoods as frequently as they once did; 
since the demand for these woods is greater now, prolonged storage is not required 
and there has been much improvement in transporting, processing, and drying. 
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